Elliot Berg is a development economist and Visiting Professor at the University of Auvergne, France. Michael Bruno, at the time of the writing of this essay, was Vice President and Chief Economist of Development Economics at the World Bank. Paul Collier is a Professor at Oxford University's Centre for the Study of African Economies. Catherine Gwin is Senior Vice President of the Overseas Development Council. Martin Ravallion is a Lead Economist for Poverty and Human Resources in the Policy Research Department of the World Bank. Lyn Squire directs the World Bank's Policy Research Department.