NORMAN S. MILLER, MD, is Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Associate Professor of Neurology, and Chief of the Division for Addictions at the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine. MARK S. GOLD, MD, is Professor at the University of Florida Brain Institute and Professor of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Community Health and Family Medicine at the University of Florida College of Medicine. DAVID E. SMITH, MD, is Founder, President, and Medical Director of The Haight-Ashbury Free Clinics in California and President of the American Society of Addiction Medicine.