Peter Godfrey-Smith is a Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, and Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Sydney. He is the author of four books, including "Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science "and "Darwinian Populations and Natural Selection", which won the 2010 Lakatos Award for an outstanding work on the philosophy of science. His underwater videos of octopuses have been featured in "National Geographic" and "New Scientist", and he has discussed them on National Public Radio and ma...