Arthur Gelb joined the "New York Times" in 1944, when manual typewriters, green eyeshades, spittoons, floors littered with cigarette butts, and two bookies were what he found in the city room. Gelb, who had just turned twenty, began as a copyboy. When he retired at the mandatory age of 65, he was managing editor. Gelb is now director of "The New York Times" College Scholarship Program.