Daniel Gasman is professor of history at John Jay College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. In 1987 he lectured at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris as a directeur d' Etudes. He is also the author of "Haeckel's Monism" and the "Birth of Fascist Ideology". His briefer writings have appeared in the "American Historical Review and Central European History".