MARVIN D. FREE JR. is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, Whitewater. He has published extensively in journals such at Critical Criminology, Journal of Black Studies, Deviant Behavior, Youth & Society, Contemporary Justice Review, and the Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict. He is also the author of African Americans and the Criminal Justice System, and the co-author of Crime, Justice, and Society: Criminology and the Sociological Imagination.