Karl Federn was an Austrian writer, translator, and lawyer. He translated works of Ralph Waldo Emerson and James Fennimore Cooper, as well as Melville and Whitman into German from English, and those of Dante Alighieri from Italian. He worked with dancer Isadora Duncan in her embrace of Nietzsche through dance and became a strong critic of Marxism in the late 1930s. Dr. Paul Rich is a life member of the Italian American Studies Association and the Dante Society. Other than being a Harvard alumnus, he has vehemently denied any parallels between his biography and that of Robert Langdon.