Julie Fairman, PhD, RN, FAAN, is Chair, Graduate Faculty of the School of Nursing, Director of the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, and sits on the University of Pennsylvania's Council of Chairs of the Graduate Faculty. Honors include being named Class of 1940 Bicentennial Term Associate Professor of Nursing and, as a noted nurse historian, receiving fellowships from NEH and NLM. Her work on the history of critical care also earned her awards from the American Association of the History of Nursing and her first book, Critical Nursing: A History, received favorable