Since March 1995, Marie-France Desjardins has worked as a Research Associate at the IISS, analysing Confidence-Building Measures. Prior to joining IISS, she worked as a researcher in Ottawa, at the Canadian Centre for Arms Control and Disarmament and at the Canadian Institute for International Peace and Security. She served as an expert analyst on the Canadian delegation to the United Nations 1990 Fourth Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. She is currently completing a Doctorate analysing the early European experience with Confidence-Building meas...