KEITH CUTHBERTSON is Professor of Finance at the Management School, Imperial College. He has been an advisor to the Bank of England and UK Treasury and a visitor at the Federal Reserve. He has held chairs at the University of Newcastle and City University Business School, as well as undertaking consultancy with financial institutions. DIRK NITSCHE is a lecturer in Finance at the Management School, Imperial College. He is also a Visiting Lecturer at City university Business School.