Chen was born in Mainland China, but grew up in Nationalist-held Taiwan. After graduating from the National Taiwan University, he served a one-year compulsory military service on the Island of Que-Moy from 1968 to 1969. Jeff immigrated to America on a teaching assistant scholarship and earned a Ph.D. degree in experimental nuclear physics from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He and his wife co-founded a successful earth science company in Maryland. They sold the company in 1992 and retired in 2000.