Richard Carlson is Professor of Psychology at Penn State University, where he has been on the faculty for 27 years. He received his B.S.S. from Cornell College and his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois. He conducts experiments examining cognitive control, cognitive skill, and conscious awareness, focusing on control at the time scale of one second or less. Previous research has addressed topics such as causal thinking, the development of troubleshooting skill, task switching, the role of gesture in mental arithmetic, and the structure of conscious intentions. Current research projects focu...