Philip Butterworth is Visiting Research Fellow in the Institute for Medieval Studies at the University of Leeds. He was formerly Reader in Medieval Theatre and Dean for Research at the University of Leeds. In 2005 he took early retirement in order to concentrate on full-time research. His principal medieval publications are Theatre of Fire: Special Effects in Early English and Scottish Theatre (1998), Magic on the Early English Stage (Cambridge University Press, 2005 and 2010, and winner of the David Bevington Prize, 2006) and The Narrator, the Expositor, and the Prompter in European Medieval