CAROL J. BLAND is professor and director of research in the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Medical School, and member of the Department of Educational Policy and Administration, College of Education and Human Development, both at the University of Minnesota, where she has been a faculty member since 1974. She received an M.A. in experimental psychology and a specialist degree in behavior modification from Drake University in 1970 and a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1974 in educational psychology with an emphasis on measurement, evaluation, and adult learning. D...