NICHOLAS ATKIN is Professor of Modern European History at the University of Reading, England. His publications include Church and School in Vichy France, 1940-44 (1991), Petain (1997), The French at War, 1934-44 (2001), The Forgotten French: Exiles in the British Isles, 1940-44 (2003), The Fifth French Republic (2005) and, with Frank Tallett, Priests, Prelates and People: A History of European Catholicism since 1750 (2003).