JAMES S. ARMSTRONG, CFRE, a management expert with more than thirty years experience in politics, business and nonprofit agencies, is vice president and director of the Children's Hospital Foundation in Oakland, California. TIMOTHY L. SEILER is director of the Fund Raising School at the Indiana University Center on Philanthropy. He was formerly vice president of Indiana University Foundation and has been a faculty member of The Fund Raising School since 1986. He has authored and edited several issues of New Directions in Philanthropic Fundraising.