RICHARD L. ALFRED is Associate Professor of Higher Education at the Center for the Study of Higher and Postsecondary Education at the University of Michigan and Founding Director of the Center for Community College Development. He is the author of twenty-five books and monographs, including Higher Education and the Public Trust: Improving the Stature in Colleges and Universities; Core Indicators of Effectiveness in Community Colleges; Changing Managerial Imperatives; Institutional Impacts on Campus, Business and Community Constituencies; and Coping with Reduced Resources. Alfred has served in