Zeolite Characterization and Catalysis: A Tutorial

ISBN-13: 9781402096778 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 380 str.

Chester, Arthur W.

Opis

The idea for putting together a tutorial on zeolites came originally from my co-editor, Eric Derouane, about 5 years ago. I ?rst met Eric in the mid-1980s when he spent 2 years working for Mobil R&D at our then Corporate lab at Princeton, NJ. He was on the senior technical staff with projects in the synthesis and characterization of new materials. At that time, I managed a group at our Paulsboro lab that was responsible for catalyst characterization in support of our catalyst and process development efforts, and also had a substantial group working on new material synthesis. Hence, our interests overlapped considerably and we met regularly. After Eric moved back to Namur (initially), we maintained contact, and in the 1990s, we met a number of times in Europe on projects of joint interest. It was after I retired from ExxonMobil in 2002 that we began to discuss the tutorial concept seriously. Eric had (semi-)retired and lived on the Algarve, the southern coast of Portugal. In January 2003, my wife and I spent 3 weeks outside of Lagos, and I worked parts of most days with Eric on the proposed content of the book. We decided on a comprehensive approach that ultimately amounted to some 20+ chapters covering all of zeolite chemistry and catalysis and gave it the title Zeolite Chemistry and Catalysis: An integrated Approach and Tutorial.

Spis treści

Proposed Table of Contents Introduction: What is a zeolite: Aluminosilicates.- Aluminum Phosphates (AlPO4, SAPO, MeAPO, etc.).- Other framework materials.- Zeolite Structures: Pore Sizes and Channel Geometries.- Building Units.- Detailed Structures.- Why are zeolites useful in catalysis?: Ion-exchange properties.- Acidic properties.- Molecular shape selective properties.- Confinement effects.- Zeolites vs. conventional oxidic catalysts: pros and cons. Zeolite Synthesis: Historical Perspective.- Inorganic Synthetic Systems.- The Use of Organic Directing Agents: Templating and other effects.- New mesoporous materials.- Synthesis of Zeolites of Interest in Catalysis: Faujasite.- Mordenite.- ZSM-5 and ZSM-11.- Beta and ZSM-12.- ZSM-22 and ZSM-23.- Ferrierite (ZSM-35, etc.).- ZSM-48.- ZSM-50 (Theta-1).- ZSM-57.- MCM-22.- SSZ Zeolites.- ITQ Zeolites.- SAPO-5.- SAPO-11.- SAPO-34.- Other SAPO’s.- MCM-41 and other related materials. Modification of Zeolites for Use in Catalysis: Ion Exchange: Ammonium and Alkali Ions.- Alkaline Earth Ions.- Rare Earth Ions.- Solid State Ion Exchange.- Thermal Treatments.- Hydrothermal Treatments.- Other dealumination methods.- Formation of Zeolite Catalysts: Fixed Bed.- Fluid Bed. Characterization of Zeolites: X-ray Diffraction: Powder Diffraction.- Nature of Zeolite Powder Patterns.- Variations in Zeolite Powder Patterns.- Structure determination from single crystal X-ray diffraction.- Adsorption and Diffusivity: State of molecules in zeolites.- Probing the pore structure of zeolites.- Probing the acidity of zeolites.- Determination of diffusion constants.- Diffusion-limited kinetics inside zeolite pores: Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy: OH Groups.- Framework Vibrations.- Brönsted vs. Lewis Acid Sites.- Adsorbed species.- In situ studies of reaction mechanisms.- Solid StateNMR: Structural characterization.- Adsorbed molecules.- Acidic properties.- In situ studies of reaction mechanisms.- Other: XAFS.- Methods based on scientific computing (structure, diffusion, etc…).- Raman spectroscopy.- Case example: Determination of acidic properties by combining various methods.- Case example: Structural properties by combining various methods.- Zeolite Composition of Matter Patents. Principles of Zeolite Catalysis: Gas vs Liquid Phase Reactions.- Importance of Diffusivity.- Molecular shape selectivity.- Confinement effects. Case Studies: Refining/Petrochemical Processes: Catalytic Cracking.- Catalytic Hydrocracking.- Aromatics Processes.- Reactions of olefins: Oligomerization.- Olefins to Diesel and Lubricants.- Reactions of C1 building blocks: Dehydroaromatization of methane.- MTG.- MTO.- MOGDL.- Fine Chemical Applications: Acid-catalyzed reactions.- Reactions involving heteroatoms.- Redox reactions.- Regioselective and stereoselective reactions.- Miscellaneous reactions.- Conclusions.

O autorze

The Authors are eminent and highly respected in the field of zeolites and molecular sieves. Dr. Derouane has an international reputation for excellence in research of zeolites. Dr. Chester has over 60 US patents in the area and has practised all aspects of zeolite science industrially for at least 30 years.

Blurb

Zeolites have been an important material in catalysis and other applications (adsorbents, detergents) for the last 50 years. While new types of porous materials (ordered mesopores, metal organic frameworks) are now attracting more R&D attention, zeolites are still the most important crystalline industrial catalysts.

Zeolite Characterization and Catalysis: A Tutorial makes available a series of tutorials on zeolite characterization and catalysis. Topics covered include X-ray powder diffraction, infra-red and Raman spectroscopy, Electron microscopy, determination of acid/base properties, the important reactions of C1 building blocks over zeolites as well as zeolite catalysis in chemicals . An important chapter covers computational methods in zeolite science.

Zeolite Characterization and Catalysis: A Tutorial is intended for graduate students, post-docs and experienced scientists entering the fields of synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications of porous materials.