Worlds Out of Nothing: A Course in the History of Geometry in the 19th Century

ISBN-13: 9780857290595 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 384 str.

Gray

Opis

Based on the latest historical research, Worlds Out of Nothing is the first book to provide a course on the history of geometry in the 19th century. Topics covered in the first part of the book are projective geometry, especially the concept of duality, and non-Euclidean geometry. The book then moves on to the study of the singular points of algebraic curves (Plucker s equations) and their role in resolving a paradox in the theory of duality; to Riemann s work on differential geometry; and to Beltrami s role in successfully establishing non-Euclidean geometry as a rigorous mathematical subject. The final part of the book considers how projective geometry rose to prominence, and looks at Poincare s ideas about non-Euclidean geometry and their physical and philosophical significance. Three chapters are devoted to writing and assessing work in the history of mathematics, with examples of sample questions in the subject, advice on how to write essays, and comments on what instructors should be looking for."

Recenzje

From the reviews:

"Gray's new book will become both a classic reference and a model on how to write a useful course text. With original source material woven in with historical context, this book is a fun read as it examines geometry historically as a connected sequence of diverse ideas ... . it includes a useful index and extensive bibliography. If you enjoy mathematics, buy this and read it! Summing Up: Highly recommended. General readers; lower-division undergraduates through faculty." (J. Johnson, CHOICE, Vol. 44 (11), July, 2007)

"Gray (Open Univ., UK) does it again. Complementing his works on Jinos Bolyai or the world of different geometries, Gray's new book will become both a classic reference and a model on how to write a useful course text. With original source material in with historical context, this book is a fun read as it examines geometry historically as a connected sequence of diverse ideas: duality in projective geometry, the problem of parallels in non-Euclidean geometries, the nature of surfaces in differential geometry, and concern for geometry as a true "measure" of space (physical or philosophical). Documenting mathematicians' contributions within this historical sequence, the book becomes a fascinating Who's Who: Poncelet, Desargues, Pascal, Gergonne, Saccheri, Lambert, Legendre, Gauss, Bolyai, Lobachevski, Möbius, Plücker, Beltrami, Klein, Poincaré, Hilbert, and Einstein. Finally, the book's unusual twist is its inclusion of three chapters on writing and critical reading about the history of mathematics; these chapters alone make the book valuable to those helping students improve as writers of mathematics. An offshoot of a University of Warwick course, it includes a useful index and extensive bibliography. If you enjoy mathematics, but this and read it! Summing up: Highly recommended. General readers; lower-division undergraduates through faculty." - J. Johnson, Western Washington University

"This is an outstanding text for the well-prepared student who has a basic knowledge of linear algebra, matrix theory, calculus of several variables, and geometry. ... an important addition to the mathematical and historical literature. Albeit primarily a textbook for a one-semester upper level or graduate course in the history of mathematics, it will be appreciated and enjoyed by those interested in geometry, history, philosophy, and pedagogy. ... The book contains an excellent bibliography. ... it provides a useful reference for anyone interested in geometry." (James J. Tattersall, Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2008 b)

"The 19^th century was certainly an exciting time in geometry. To chronicle all of that excitement in one place is a monumental task; to have done so with real clarity and attention to detail, as Jeremy Gray has done, is an impressive achievement. ... Gray has succeeded on several levels: as a historical chronicler, as a mathematical scholar, and as an advisor to teachers. Worlds Out Of Nothing is a first-rate addition to the geometry enthusiast's bookshelf." (Mark Bollman, MathDL, January, 2008)

"The book under review provides a course on the history of geometry in the 19th century. ... In the book the emphasis is put on understanding the historical significance of the new geometry. In this way it can fill the gap between what is usually taught today in geometry ... and the historical considerations, it can provide the historical and philosophical background of the geometry developed in the 19th century." (Roman Murawski, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1205, 2011)

Spis treści

Mathematics in the French Revolution.- Poncelet (and Pole and Polar).- Theorems in Projective Geometry.- Poncelet’s Traité.- Duality and the Duality Controversy.- Poncelet, Chasles, and the Early Years of Projective Geometry.- Euclidean Geometry, the Parallel Postulate, and the Work of Lambert and Legendre.- Gauss (Schweikart and Taurinus) and Gauss’s Differential Geometry.- János Bolyai.- Lobachevskii.- Publication and Non-Reception up to 1855.- On Writing the History of Geometry – 1.- Across the Rhine – Möbius’s Algebraic Version of Projective Geometry.- Plücker, Hesse, Higher Plane Curves, and the Resolution of the Duality Paradox.- The Plücker Formulae.- The Mathematical Theory of Plane Curves.- Complex Curves.- Riemann: Geometry and Physics.- Differential Geometry of Surfaces.- Beltrami, Klein, and the Acceptance of Non-Euclidean Geometry.- On Writing the History of Geometry – 2.- Projective Geometry as the Fundamental Geometry.- Hilbert and his Grundlagen der Geometrie.- The Foundations of Projective Geometry in Italy.- Henri Poincaré and the Disc Model of non-Euclidean Geometry.- Is the Geometry of Space Euclidean or Non-Euclidean?.- Summary: Geometry to 1900.- What is Geometry? The Formal Side.- What is Geometry? The Physical Side.- What is Geometry? Is it True? Why is it Important?.- On Writing the History of Geometry – 3.

Blurb

Worlds Out of Nothing is the first book to provide a course on the history of geometry in the 19^th century. Based on the latest historical research, the book is aimed primarily at undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics but will also appeal to the reader with a general interest in the history of mathematics. Emphasis is placed on understanding the historical significance of the new mathematics: Why was it done? How - if at all - was it appreciated? What new questions did it generate?

Topics covered in the first part of the book are projective geometry, especially the concept of duality, and non-Euclidean geometry. The book then moves on to the study of the singular points of algebraic curves (Plücker’s equations) and their role in resolving a paradox in the theory of duality; to Riemann’s work on differential geometry; and to Beltrami’s role in successfully establishing non-Euclidean geometry as a rigorous mathematical subject. The final part of the book considers how projective geometry, as exemplified by Klein’s Erlangen Program, rose to prominence, and looks at Poincaré’s ideas about non-Euclidean geometry and their physical and philosophical significance. It then concludes with discussions on geometry and formalism, examining the Italian contribution and Hilbert’s Foundations of Geometry; geometry and physics, with a look at some of Einstein’s ideas; and geometry and truth.

Three chapters are devoted to writing and assessing work in the history of mathematics, with examples of sample questions in the subject, advice on how to write essays, and comments on what instructors should be looking for.