World Crops: Cool Season Food Legumes: A Global Perspective of the Problems and Prospects for Crop Improvement in Pea, Lentil, Faba Bean and Chickpea

ISBN-13: 9789024736416 / Angielski / Twarda / 1988 / 1230 str.

R. J. Summerfield; R. J. Summerfield

Opis

The genesis of the International Food Legume Research Conference (IFLRC) can be traced back to 1983 - and so this Volume, the Proceedings of that Conference, has had a gestation period of close to five years. Professor Norman Simmonds, the perennial Book Review Editor of Experimental Agriculture, has expressed the opinion (vol. 22, p. 201, 1986) that "Many symposial volumes are just plain awful!" Elsewhere (Nature vol. 312, pp. 201-2, 1984), Anthony Watkinson - then a Commissioning Editor at Oxford University Press has described several reasons which have led him to believe that "Conference proceedings - symposia - are generally disliked ...To put it mildly, this type of publication has a bad name". The problems, from an author's perspective, of contributing to any many-authored publication are aired in an exchange of correspondence in Biologist (vol. 30, pp. 123 and 180, 1983; and vol. 31, pp. 3 and 69,1984). And from the editor's viewpoint, D. J. Weatherall - then Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine at the University of Oxford - has described (Nature vol. 317, p.

Spis treści

International programmes.- Food legume research sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development (A.I.D.).- The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) International Food Legume Development Programme.- International Development Research Centre (IDRC) support for research on cool season food legume crops in Asia and North Africa.- Research on cool season food legumes at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).- Research on food legumes at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), with special reference to chickpea.- Activities of the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR).- Genetic resources.- Genetic basis for pulse crop improvement: collection, preservation and genetic variation in relation to needed traits.- Current status of cool season food legume crop improvement: an assessment of critical needs.- Breeding cool season food legumes for improved performance in stress environments.- Breeding for disease resistance in pulse crops.- Screening and breeding for insect resistance in pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea.- Breeding for morphological traits.- Workshop: Integration of information on plant diversity.- Cropping systems.- Factors which limit the productivity of cool season food legumes in Turkey.- Nitrogen fixation and productivity of chickpea in India.- Factors which limit production of pea in Burundi.- Improvement of nitrogen fixation and yield of lentil and chickpea crops in Turkey.- Potential for winter chickpea in Morocco.- Impact of conservation tillage on grain legume crops and their associated pests.- Nitrogen fixation and yield of faba bean, lentil and chickpea in response to selected agricultural practices in Egypt.- Phosphorus deficiency in the semi-arid tropics and implications for grain legume production.- Factors which limit the productivity of cool season food legumes in Nepal.- Factors which limit cool season food legume productivity in Bangladesh.- Management and tillage.- Managing systems for increasing productivity of pulses in dryland agriculture.- Stand establishment in pulse crops.- Water requirements and the irrigation management of pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea crops.- Soil fertility requirements of pea, lentil, chickpea and faba bean.- Strategies for improving soil and water management research and networking in semi-arid regions of developing countries.- Harvesting and storage.- Harvesting and storage factors that affect seed quality in pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea.- Seed storage practices and problems for cool season food legumes.- Methods of harvesting pulse crops.- Identification, significance and transmission of seed borne pathogens.- Insect depredation during storage.- Processing and utilization.- Seed quality and nutritional goals in pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea breeding.- Utilization of food legumes in human nutrition.- Trends in product development and the processing of peas in the United Kingdom.- Future potential of pulses for use in animal feeds.- Quality screening and evaluation in pulse breeding.- Economics, marketing and policies.- Trends, situation and outlook for the world pulse economy.- Significance of government policies and programmes in international marketing of pulses worldwide.- Trends in supply and demand of pulses with special reference to chickpea.- Future trends in supply and demand of pea and lentil.- Biotic limitations.- Workshop: Seed pathogens of food legumes.- Pest, disease and weed problems in pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea.- Weeds in food legumes: problems, effects and control.- Parasitic weeds on cool season food legumes.- Root rot and wilt diseases of food legumes.- Fungal and bacterial foliar diseases of pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea.- Viruses and virus diseases of pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea.- Integrated pest management.- Seedling vigour and susceptibility to diseases and pests.- Soil compaction and crop residue management effects on root diseases of annual food legumes.- Interactions of tillage and soil management practices on the biological control of diseases and pests.- Rhizobium and N2 fixation.- Competition for legume nodule occupancy: a down-to-earth limitation on nitrogen fixation.- Inter-strain competition for rhizosphere colonization and nodule occupancy in the pea, lentil and chickpea/Rhizobium symbioses.- Improving symbiotic nitrogen fixation through the genetic manipulation of Rhizobium and legume host plants.- Rhizosphere interactions with special reference to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae.- 15N addition methods for assessing N2 fixation under field conditions.- Role of inoculants in improving nitrogen fixation in legumes.- Workshop: Use of 15N in field experiments involving measurement of biologically fixed nitrogen.- Carbon and nitrogen economy of nodulated legumes.- Partitioning of carbon and nitrogen in the nodulated grain legume: principles, processes and regulation.- Oxygen supply to nodules as a limiting factor in symbiotic nitrogen fixation.- The importance of hydrogen recycling in nitrogen fixation by legumes.- Translocation and utilization of nitrogen by pulses.- Environmental effects on nitrogen fixation.- Environmental stress.- Factors which affect water use efficiency in rainfed production of food legumes, and their measurement.- Winterhardiness in pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea.- High temperature stress.- Root growth of chickpea, faba bean, lentil and pea and effects of water and salt stresses.- Nutrient requirements of pulses.- Physiology.- Critical physiological traits in pulse crops.- Seed and seedling vigour.- Photo-thermal regulation of flowering in pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea.- Senescence in pulse crops.- Role of physiology in pulse crop improvement: a plant breeding perspective.- Breeding and biotechnology.- Population improvement in pulse crops: an assessment of methods and techniques.- Exploitation of wild relatives of the food legumes.- Applications of isozyme analysis in pulse crops.- Applications of molecular genetics to crop improvement.- Selecting and breeding grain legumes for enhanced nitrogen fixation.- Future breeding strategies for pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea.- Genetic improvement of food legumes in developing countries by mutation induction.- Regional reports.- Cool season food legumes in South and Central America.- Production of pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea in North America.- Production of pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea in Europe.- Production of cool season food legumes in West Asia and North Africa.- Production of chickpea, lentil, pea and faba bean in South-East Asia.- Cool season food legumes in East Africa.- Production practices and economic importance of pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea in New Zealand and Australia.- Production of faba bean and pea in China.- Retrospect and prospect.- A personal review of the International Food Legume Research Conference.- The International Food Legume Research Conference (IFLRC): Retrospect and prospect.- Index of Authors.