Part I. Motivation and General Introduction: 1. Introduction; 2. Wireless physical layer network coding: a gentle introduction; Part II. Fundamental Principles of WPNC: 3. Fundamental principles and system model; 4. Components of WPNC; 5. WPNC in cloud communications; Part III. Design of Source, Relay and Destination Strategies: 6. NCM and hierarchical decoding design for H-MAC; 7. NCM design and processing for parametric channels; 8. NCM design for partial HSI and asymmetric H-MAC; 9. Joint hierarchical interference processing; 10. WPNC in complex stochastic networks; Appendix: background theory and selected fundamentals.