Wireless Communications for Power Substations: RF Characterization and Modeling

ISBN-13: 9783319913278 / Angielski / Twarda / 2018 / 187 str.

Basile L. Agba; Fabien Sacuto; Minh Au

Spis treści

1.       Introduction 1.1.    Motivation

1.2.    Monograph organization

1.3.    Contributions

2.       State of art: Characterization and modeling of EMI and Wireless communications in power substations

2.1.                     Concept of EMI and classification

2.1.1. Definition of EMI sources

2.1.2. Natural noise sources

2.1.3. Man-made noise sources

2.2.                     The electromagnetic interferences in substations

2.2.1. Functions of power substations

2.2.2. Pieces of equipment and electrical operations

·                  Corona effect

·                  Partial discharges

·                  Early impulsive noise measurements

2.2.3. Ionization process and electrical discharge in gases

2.2.4. Partial discharges mechanisms

2.2.5. Measurement and characterization of partial discharge sources

2.2.6. Partial discharge modeling

2.3.                     Characterization of impulsive noise models

2.3.1. A statistical characterization of impulsive noise

2.3.2. Impulsive noise models

2.3.3. Existing statistical models of impulsive noise

2.4.    Wireless communications in substations

2.4.1. Communications channels in presence of impulsive noise

2.4.2. Wireless technologies

2.4.3. Existing systems for wireless communications in high voltage environment

2.5.    Summary

3.       Impulsive noise measurements

3.1.    Objectives of the measurement campaign

3.2.    Measurement setup

3.2.1. Design of the setup

3.2.2. Tests in laboratory

3.2.3. Impulse detection method

3.3.    Measurements in Substation 1

3.3.1. Substation presentation

3.3.2. Locations of the antenna

3.3.3. Results

3.4.    Measurements in Substation 2

3.4.1. Substation presentation

3.4.2. Locations of the antenna

3.4.3. Results

3.5.    Classification of impulsive noise characteristics

3.5.1. Amplitude

3.5.2. Impulse duration

3.5.3. Repetition rate

3.5.4. Sample value

3.6.                     An experimental characterization of the discharge sources

3.6.1. Signal processing tools for impulsive noise measurement

3.6.2. Definition of characterization metrics

3.6.3. Characterization based on first-order statistics (First order-statistics)

3.6.4. Characterization based on second-order statistics (Waveforms and second-order statistics)

3.7.    Representative parameters for classic impulsive noise models

3.7.1. Two-state Markov Chain (MC2)

3.7.2. Middleton class-A (MCA)

3.8.    Conclusion

4.       A physical model of EMI induced by a partial discharge source

4.1.                     Introduction

4.2.                     Partial discharge phenomenon and its mechanism

4.3.                     The physical model of partial discharge source

4.3.1. Electric field stress

4.3.2. Discharge process

4.3.3. Current and charge density

4.4.                     The electromagnetic radiation of the interference source induced by partial discharges

4.4.1. Electric dipole formulation

4.4.2. Power radiation of the interference source received at the antenna

4.4.3. Modeling impulsive waveforms and PSD

4.4.4. Brief summary of interference induced by partial discharge sources

4.5.                     Experimental validation

4.5.1. Brief description of the measurement setup

4.5.2. Simulation setup

4.5.3. Simulation-measurement comparison

4.6.                     Conclusion

5.       Analysis and modeling of wideband RF impulsive signals induced by partial discharges using second-order statistics

5.1.                     Introduction

5.2.                     Measurement setup

5.3.                     Conjectures and mathematical formulation of EM waves

5.3.1. Second-order statistics

5.3.2. A Physical interpretation

5.4.                     The proposed model

5.4.1. Theory of filters and relationship with time series models

5.4.2. Definition of time series model

5.4.3. Tests for unit roots

5.4.4. Estimation and selection

5.5.                     The goodness-of-fit

5.5.1. Analysis of the residuals

5.5.2. Tests for residuals

5.5.3. Tests for heteroscedasticity

5.5.4. Analysis of residuals of the improved models

5.5.5. Summary

5.6.                     Simulation and results

5.6.1. Simulation parameters

5.6.2. A comparison of measurements vs. simulation results

5.6.3. Analysis of simulated impulsive waveforms

5.6.4. Advantages and limitations of the proposed model

5.7.                     Conclusion

6.       Wideband statistical model for substation impulsive noise

6.1.    Introduction to PMC model

6.2.    Impulsive system and oscillations

6.3.    Damping effect

6.4.    Transition matrix

6.5.    Parameter estimation

6.5.1. Fuzzy C-means algorithm

6.6.    Results

6.6.1. Divergence between measurements and models

6.6.2. Spectrum analysis

6.7.    Representative parameters for PMC model in wide band

6.8.    Conclusions

7.       A statistical analysis of impulsive noise in a Poisson field of interferers in substation environments and an application to a rapid identification of PD sources

7.1.                     Introduction

7.2.                     A mathematical formulation of multiple PD interference sources

7.2.1. EM radiation of multiple PD sources

7.2.2. Propagation of EM waves induced by PD sources

7.2.3. Spatial and temporal distribution of PD sources

7.3.                     Statistical analysis

7.3.1. Probability density function of instantaneous amplitude

7.3.2. Amplitude probability distribution

7.3.3. Tails and moments

7.3.4. A summary of important findings

7.4.                     Experimentation and simulation results

7.4.1. Measurements in substations

7.4.2. A procedure for estimation

7.4.3. A comparison Measurement and simulation results

7.5.                     A rapid identification of PD sources using blind source separation

7.5.1. Motivation and contribution

7.5.2. System model

7.5.3. Blind source separation via generalized eigenvalue decomposition

7.5.4. Simulation and results

7.6.                     Conclusion

8.       Conclusions and recommendations