Why Do Buildings Collapse in Earthquakes? Building for Safety in Seismic Areas

ISBN-13: 9781119619420 / Angielski / Twarda / 2021 / 304 str.

Robin Spence; Emily So; Emily So

Spis treści

AcknowledgmentsChapter 1. Introduction: why this book?1.1 Earthquakes - an underrated hazard1.2 Earthquakes, buildings, people1.3 The authors' experience of earthquake risk assessment1.4 Aims of this book1.5 Outline of the bookReferencesChapter 2. How do buildings behave in earthquakes?2.1 Learning from earthquakes2.2 Significant earthquakes since 20002.3 What can we learn from these significant earthquakes?2.4 Earthquake losses in rich and poor countries2.5 Are earthquake losses decreasing over time?ReferencesChapter 3. How are buildings constructed in earthquake zones?3.1 Introduction3.2 Built form, climate and earthquake resistance3.3 Building construction types by earthquake zoneBox 3.1 Profile: Randolph Langenbach3.4 SummaryReferencesChapter 4. What happens in an earthquake?4.1 What is an earthquake?4.2 Volcanic earthquakes and Induced seismicity4.3 How earthquakes travel through different media4.4 Secondary HazardsBox 4.1 Profile: Toshitaka Katada4.5 Compound threatsReferencesChapter 5. How do different forms of construction behave in earthquakes?5.1 Introduction: range and classification of building construction types5.2 Masonry constructionBox 5.1 Profile: Laurie Baker5.3 Reinforced concrete construction5.4 Timber frame construction5.5 Steel frame construction5.6 Comparing the vulnerability of different construction typesReferencesChapter 6 How is the population affected?6.1 Causes of earthquake casualties6.2 Casualties due to building collapses6.3 Survivability of an occupant in a building6.4 Other causes of casualties6.5 How can we estimate the number of injured and killed in an earthquake?6.6 Estimating fatalities due to building collapses6.7 Estimating casualties from secondary hazards and cascading effects6.8 The way forwardReferencesChapter 7. How can buildings be improved?7.1 Introduction7.2 Design of engineered buildings7.3 Strengthening existing buildings7.4 Building for safety programmesBox 7.1 Profile: Amod DixitBox 7.2 Profile: Rajendra and Rupal Desai7.5 Public awareness of earthquake risk: creating a safety cultureReferencesChapter 8. Successes and failures in earthquake protection: a country comparison8.1 Introduction: the survey8.2 High achievers8.3 Limited achievers8.4 Continuing and growing risks8.5 Country comparison of unsafe structures8.6 Comparison of the country groupsAcknowledgementsReferencesChapter 9. The way forward: what part can different actors play?9.1 International agencies and global initiatives9.2 Governments9.3 Businesses and organisations9.4 Homeowners and individual citizensBox 9.1. Profile: Tracy Monk9.5 Scientists and EngineersBox 9.2 Profile: Edward NgBox 9.3 Profile: Lucy Jones9.6 Non-government organisations9.7 Insurers9.8 The way forwardReferences

O autorze

Robin Spence is a Structural Engineer, Professor Emeritus of Architectural Engineering at the University of Cambridge, a Fellow of Magdalene College and a Director of Cambridge Architectural Research Ltd. He was President of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering (2002-2006), Mallet-Milne Lecturer at the Institution of Civil Engineers (2007), and Nicholas Ambraseys Lecturer at the European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Istanbul, (2014).Emily So is Reader in Architectural Engineering at the University of Cambridge and a chartered civil engineer. She is Director of the Cambridge University Centre for Risk in the Built Environment, Director of Studies and Fellow in Architecture at Magdalene College and a Director of Cambridge Architectural Research Ltd. She is the 2010 Shah Family Innovation Prize winner, an award given annually by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI).