Wholes, Sums and Unities

ISBN-13: 9789048164424 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 312 str.

A. Meirav

Opis

According to Ariel Meirav, the root of some of our most noteworthy difficulties in the metaphysics of concrete entities has been the traditional tendency to focus on the horizontal dimension of wholes (i.e. relations between the parts of a whole), and to neglect the vertical dimension (i.e. relations between the whole itself and its parts). In Wholes, Sums and Unities, Meirav formulates a critique of widely accepted mereological assumptions, presents a new conception of wholes as Unities', and demonstrates the advantages of this new conception in treating a variety of metaphysical puzzles (such as that of Tibbles the cat). More generally he suggests that conceiving wholes as Unities offers us a new way of understanding the world in non-reductive terms.

Spis treści

Preface. 1: Introduction. I. Plato's Challenge. II. Two Approaches to Wholes and Parts. III. Illustration of the Idea of a Three-Tiered Whole. IV. The Theoretical Context. V. Outline of the Argument. Part One: Wholes. 2: Concrete Comprising Entities. I. Preliminaries.II. Ways of Being One. Appendix: Plural Quantification. 3: Types of Comprising Entities. I. Collective and Distributive Classes. II. Distributive Classes and Concreteness. III. Collections. 4: Theory and Pre-theory of Wholes. I. The Pre-theoretical Conception. II. Preliminaries to a Theoretical Conception. Part Two: Sums. 5: Classical and Neoclassical Mereology. I. Principles of Classical and Neoclassical Mereology. II. Limitations of the Notion of a Classical Sum. III. Flexibility of the Notion of a Neoclassical Sum. 6: Traditional Higher Wholes as Sums. I. Organic Wholes and Gestalts. II. Features of Organic Wholes and Gestalts. III. Organic Wholes and Gestalts as Sums. 7: Criticism of the Notion of a Neoclassical Sum. I. Conditioned Sums. II. Non-unique Sums. III. Mereologically Varying Sums. 8: Sums, Collections and All the Parts. I. Inherent Limitation in the Notion of a Sum. II. Classical Sums as Identical to their Parts. Part Three: Unities. 9: A Theory of Unities. I. Introduction. II. Unities and Collections. III. Principles for a Theory of Unities. Appendix: Proofs of Theorems. 10: Further Elaborations and Applications. I. Perspectives on the Theory of Unities. II. Applying a Theory of Unities. III. The Paradox of Tibbles. Bibliography. Index.