Water and Sanitation Services: Public Policy and Management

ISBN-13: 9781844076567 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 392 str.

Jose Esteban Castro; Leo Heller; Jos' Esteban Castro

Opis

Substantially reducing the number of human beings who lack access to clean water and safe sanitation is one of the key Millennium Development Goals. This book argues and demonstrates that this can only be achieved by a better integration of the technical and social science approaches in the search for improved organization and delivery of these essential services. It presents a historical analysis of the development of water and sanitation services in both developed and developing countries, which provides valuable lessons for overcoming the obstacles facing the universalization of these services. Among the key lessons emerging from the historical analysis are the organizational and institutional diversity characterizing the development of water and sanitation internationally, and the central role played by the public sector, particularly local authorities, in such development. It also explores the historical role played by cooperatives and other non-profit institutions in reaching rural and peri-urban areas, as well as the emergence of new forms of organization and provision, particularly in poor countries, where aid and development agencies have been promoting the self-organization of water systems by local communities. The book provides a critical exploration of these different institutional options, including the interaction between the public and private sectors, and the irreplaceable role of public funding as a condition for success. The book is divided into two parts: the first reviews theoretical and conceptual issues such as the political economy of water services, financing, the interfaces between water and sanitation services and public health, and the systemic conditions that influence the provision of these services, including the diversity of organizational and institutional options characterizing the governance and management of water and sanitation services. The second section presents a number of country or regional case studies, each one chosen to highlight a particular problem, approach or strategy. These case studies are drawn from Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe, covering a wide range of socio-economic and political contexts. The book will be of great interest to advanced students, researchers, professionals and NGOs in many disciplines, including public policy and planning, environmental sciences, environmental sociology, history of technology, civil and environmental engineering, public health and development studies.

Spis treści

Editors' Introduction.  Section 1: Theoretical and Conceptual Dimensions.  1. Systemic Conditions and Public Policy in the Water and Sanitation Sector.  2. Troubled Waters. The Political Economy of Essential Public Services.  3. Public Policy Analysis in the Water and Sanitation Sector: Budgetary and Management Aspects.  4. North-South Transfer of the Paradigm of Piped Water. The Role of the Public Sector in Water and Sanitation Services.  5. Management and Organization of Water and Sanitation Services: European Experiences.  6. Public Policy Options for Financing Sewerage Systems.  7. Interfaces and Inter-sector Approaches: Water and Sanitation and Public Health.  8. The Market-centred Paradigm.  9. Complementary Paradigms of Water and Sanitation Services: Lessons from the Finnish Experience.  10. Community Organization and Alternative Paradigms for Improving Water and Sanitation in Deprived Settlements.  Section 2: Country and Regional Experiences Developed Countries.  European Cases.  11. Decentralization and Delegation of Water and Sanitation Services in France.  12. The State of Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in Spain: Issues, Debates and Conflicts.  13. Decentralized Services: the Nordic Experience.  14. The Development of Water Services in Europe: from Diversity to Convergence?  North American Cases.  15. 'From East to Western sea'. Canada: A Country of National Abundance and Local Shortages.  16. The U.S. Experience on Water Supply and Sanitation: The Interaction between Public Policy and Management.  The 'Global South' African and Asian Cases.  17. Discrimination by Default - The Post-colonial Heritage of Urban Water Provision in East Africa.  18. The South Asian Experience - Financial Arrangements for Facilitating Local Participation in WSS Interventions in Poor Urban Areas: Lessons from Bangladesh and Nepal.  19. Water and Sanitation Services in China: Current Problems and Potential Solutions.  Latin American Cases.  20. Water and Sanitation Policies in Brazil: Historical Inequalities and Institutional Change.  21. Challenges Facing the Universal Access of Water and Sanitation in Mexico.  Index .