Volcanic Hazards: Assessment and Monitoring

ISBN-13: 9783642737619 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 625 str.

John H. Latter

Opis

The contributions in this book were presented, orally or as posters, at the International Volcanological Congress held in New Zealand from 1 to 9 February 1986, the centenary year of the Tarawera eruption of 10 June 1886. More than 500 people, from 29 countries, attend ed the Congress. Most of these works formed part of Symposium 4, "Volcanic Hazards - Prediction and Assess ment," convened by J.H. Latter, R.R. Dibble, D.A. Swanson and C.G. Newhall. The collection represents over half of the published abstracts of Symposium 4, together with three papers given at the Symposium, which lacked abstracts, and two which were part of Symposium 1 on pyroclastic flow deposits. The contribu tions cover a good proportion of the volcanically active parts of the world, with Italy, Japan, the West Indies and the USA especially well represented. Mount Erebus, Vulcano and Rabaul are individual volcanoes which have been treated in particular detail. Unfor tunately, there are no chapters in the book dealing with Africa, the Atlantic islands (except Iceland), Hawaii, Central America (except Mexico), or South America (in spite of the major disaster at Nevado del Ruiz Volcano in 1985)."

Spis treści

Hazards Assessment.- Volcanic Winter? Climatic Effects of the Largest Volcanic Eruptions.- Prediction of Volcanic Hazards on the Basis of the Study of Dynamics of Volcanic Activity, Kamchatka.- Study Models for Volcanic Hazards in Iceland.- Volcanic and Associated Hazards in the Lesser Antilles.- The Evolution of La Grande Découverte (La Soufrière) Volcano, Guadeloupe (F.W.I.).- Volcan Popocatepetl: Recent Eruptive History, and Potential Hazards and Risks in Future Eruptions.- Use of Computer-Generated Movies to Present Volcanic Hazards.- Mt. Etna (Sicily): Volcanic Hazard Assessment.- The 1982–83 Eruption of Galunggung (Indonesia): A Case Study of Volcanic Hazards with Particular Relevance to Air Navigation.- Some Notes on False Alarms of Volcanic Activity, and Mud Flows.- Explosive Volcanic Activity Generated from Within Advancing Silicic Lava Flows.- The May 1915 Eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, I: Characteristics of Events Occurring on 19 May.- Discrimination Between Debris Avalanches and Other Volcaniclastic Deposits.- The 1984 Collapse and Debris Avalanche Deposits of Ontake Volcano, Central Japan.- Monitoring.- General.- The Detection Capability of Explosive Eruptions Using GMS Imagery, and the Behaviour of Dispersing Eruption Clouds.- Volcanic Activity in Japan Monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency Using Detected Precursory Phenomena.- A Summary of Precursors to Volcanic Eruptions in Papua New Guinea.- Eruptions, Eruption Precursors and Related Phenomena in the Lesser Antilles.- Patterns of Volcanic Activity of Piton de la Fournaise (Réunion Island, Indian Ocean). A Synthesis Based on Monitoring Data Between 1980 and July 1985, and on Historic Records Since 1930.- Volcano Monitoring in the Aeolian Islands (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea): The Lipari-Vulcano Eruptive Complex.- Thermal Infrared.- Thermal Infrared Surveys at Vulcano Island: An Experimental Approach to the Thermal Monitoring of Volcanoes.- Chemical.- The Forecasting Significance of Chemical Indicators in Areas of Quiescent Volcanism: Examples from Vulcano and Phlegrean Fields (Italy).- Geochemical Precursors at Solfatara Volcano, Pozzuoli (Italy).- Gravity.- Microgravity Changes and Ground Deformation at Rabaul Caldera, 1973–1985.- Seismic.- Earthquakes of the Rabaul Seismo-Deformational Crisis September 1983 to July 1985: Seismicity on a Caldera Ring Fault.- Some Seismic Precursors to Eruptions at Pavlof Volcano, Alaska, October 1973–April 1986.- Volcanic Tremor of Kliuchevskoi Volcano (1984 Eruption).- Some Significant Features of Pre-Eruption Volcanic Earthquakes.- The Taupo Seismic System.- Classification of Volcanic Earthquakes at Mount Erebus, Antarctica.- Infrasonic.- Infrasonic Recordings of Strombolian Eruptions of Erebus, Antarctica, March – December 1984, Covering the Jump in Activity on 13 September 1984.- Deformation.- Deformation Monitoring of Mt. Erebus, Antarctica, 1980–1985.- Vertical Deformation Monitoring by Periodic Water Level Observations, Lake Taupo, New Zealand.- Geodetic and Geophysical Monitoring of the 1886 Tarawera Rift.- A Preliminary Experiment on Automated Judgement of the Stages of Eruptive Activity Using Tiltmeter Records at Sakurajima, Japan.