Vitiligo and Other Hypomelanoses of Hair and Skin

ISBN-13: 9781461592747 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 683 str.

Jean-Paul Ortonne

Opis

Leukoderma is a generic term for any pigmentary dilution, be it congenital or acquired, circumscribed or generalized, devoid of or partially lacking in pig mentation. In the approach to the diagnosis of leukoderma, we have generally first considered the age of onset, whether leukoderma was congenital or ac quired, the extent and pattern of involvement, and the degree of pigmentary dilution. The organization of this monograph reflects this approach. For ex ample, we have separated the section devoted to various disease entities into diffuse and circumscribed leukoderma and the latter into various etiologies such as genetic, metabolic, infectious, and endocrinologic. One of several justifications for this monograph is to present an approach to the diagnosis of leukoderma, as detailed in Part II. In formulating a guide for the physician, we have found some limitations to our previous approach; we therefore offer the following new classification based upon a clini cal-pathologic correlation. This could provide the means to describe both the clinical and pathologic findings in one term."

Spis treści

I. Skin Color and the Melanin Pigmentary System.- Melanins.- Epidermal Dendritic Cells.- Origin of Melanocytes.- Biologic Basis of Melanin Pigmentation.- Race, Light, Age, and Melanocytes.- Factors Controlling Pigmentation.- References.- II. Approach to the Problem of Leukoderma.- History.- Physical Examination.- Histology and Electron Microscopy.- Pathogenesis.- Reference.- III. Hypomelanotic Disorders.- 1. Genetic and Congenital Disorders.- Section 1. Disorders with Features of Oculocutaneous Albinism.- Tyrosinase-Negative Oculocutaneous Albinism.- Tyrosinase-Positive Oculocutaneous Albinism.- Yellow-Mutant Oculocutaneous Albinism.- Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome.- Chediak-Higashi Syndrome.- Albinism and Immunodeficiency.- Cross-McKusick-Breen Syndrome.- Oculocutaneous Albinoidism.- Ocular Albinism.- Abnormalities of the Optic Pathway in Albinism.- Other Defects in Albinos.- Differential Diagnosis.- Treatment of Albinism.- References.- Section 2. Disorders with Relative Generalized Decreased Pigmentation.- Copper Deficiency.- Histidinemia.- Phenylketonuria.- Disorders of Methionine Metabolism.- Tietz Syndrome.- References.- Section 3. Disorders with Circumscribed Hypomelanosis.- Vitiligo.- References.- Piebaldism.- References.- Waardenburg Syndrome.- References.- Piebaldism with Deafness (Woolf Syndrome).- References.- Ziprkowski-Margolis Syndrome.- References.- Tuberous Sclerosis.- References.- Nevus Depigmentosus.- References.- Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians.- References.- Incontinentia Pigmenti.- References.- Ataxia-Telangiectasia.- References.- Xeroderma Pigmentosum.- References.- Neurofibromatosis.- References.- Dyschromatosis Symmetrica; Dyschromatosis Universalis Hereditaria.- References.- Hypopigmented Markings in Dark-Skinned People: Pigmentary Demarcation Lines.- References.- Other Miscellaneous Syndromes.- Darier-White Disease.- Autosomal Recessive Deafness Associated with Vitiligo (Rozycki Syndrome).- Focal Dermal Hypoplasia Syndrome.- Hypopigmentation with Punctate Keratosis of the Palms and Soles.- Hypomelanoses in Possible Ectodermal Dysplasia Syndromes.- References.- Section 4. Disorders Affecting Hair Pigmentation without Affecting Skin Pigmentation.- Premolar Aplasia, Hyperhidrosis, and Canities Prematura.- Fanconi Syndrome.- Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome.- Dystrophia Myotonica.- Premature Aging Syndromes.- Werner Syndrome (Pangeria).- Hutchinson-Gilford Syndrome (Progeria).- Fisch Syndrome.- Kappa Chain Deficiency.- Hereditary Premature Canities.- Bird-Headed Dwarfism (Seckel Syndrome).- Treacher Collins Syndrome, Pierre Robin Syndrome, Hallerman-Streiff Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Chromosome Five p-Syndrome.- Prolidase Deficiency.- References.- 2. Hypomelanoses Associated with Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders.- Kwashiorkor.- Generalized Dyschromia in a Malnourished Infant.- Pigmentary Changes in the Hair of Patients with Nephrosis, Ulcerative Colitis, or Extensive Resection of the Gut.- Severe Iron Deficiency.- Copper Deficiency.- Vitamin B12 Deficiency (Pernicious Anemia).- References.- 3. Hypomelanosis Associated with Endocrine Disorders.- Hyperthyroidism.- Hypopituitarism.- Addison Disease.- Cushing Syndrome.- Hypogonadism.- Hypoparathyroidism, Addison Disease, and Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis.- Goiter and Paratertiary Butylphenol Depigmentation.- References.- 4. Hypomelanosis Secondary to Irradiation and Physical Trauma.- References.- 5. Chemical Hypomelanosis.- Phenolic Compounds.- Sulfhydryl Compounds.- Cinnamic Aldehyde.- Metals.- Hydrogen Peroxide.- Guanonitrofuracin.- Mephenesin Carbamate.- Triparanol (MER-29).- Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB).- Arsenic.- Nitrogen Mustard and Thiotepa.- Corticosteroids.- Butyrophenone.- Chloroquine Diphosphate.- Eserine.- Epinephrine.- Phototoxic Drugs.- References.- 6. Hypomelanosis Associated with Inflammation.- Eczematous Dermatitis and Atopic Dermatitis.- Lupus Erythematosus.- Achromic Guttäte Parapsoriasis.- Psoriasis.- Pityriasis Alba.- References.- 7. Infectious and Parasitic Hypomelanosis.- Leprosy.- Yaws.- Pinta.- Endemic Syphilis.- Leukoderma in Secondary Syphilis.- Herpes Zoster.- Tinea Versicolor.- Onchocerciasis.- Post-Kala-Azar Dermatosis.- Tuberculosis.- References.- 8. Leukoderma Acquisitum Centrifugum: Halo Nevus and Other Hypomelanoses Associated with Neoplasms.- Halo Nevus.- Halo Phenomena around Lesions Other Than Nevus Cell.- Pathogenesis.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- References.- 9. Miscellaneous Hypomelanoses.- Sarcoidosis.- Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis.- Macular Tropical Hypochromia.- Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome.- Alezzandrini Syndrome.- Senile Graying of Hair.- Sudden Whitening of Hair.- Alopecia Areata.- Vagabond’s Leukomelanoderma.- Heterochromia Irides and Horner Syndrome.- Hypomelanosis in Scleroderma.- References.- IV. Leukodermas without Hypomelanosis.- Nevus Anemicus.- Edema of the Skin.- Anemia.- References.