Video Traces for Network Performance Evaluation: A Comprehensive Overview and Guide on Video Traces and Their Utilization in Networking Research [With

ISBN-13: 9781402055652 / Angielski / Twarda / 2006 / 272 str.

Patrick Seeling; Frank H. P. Fitzek; Martin Reisslein

Opis

Multimedia networking applications and, in particular, the transport of c- pressed video are expected to contribute signi?cantly to the tra?c in the future Internet and wireless networks. For transport over networks, video is typically encoded (i. e., compressed) to reduce the bandwidth requirements. Even compressed video, however, requires large bandwidths of the order of hundred kbps or Mbps. In addition, compressed video streams typically - hibit highly variable bit rates (VBR) as well as long range dependence (LRD) properties. This, in conjunction with the stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements (loss and delay) of video tra?c, makes the transport of video tra?covercommunicationnetworksachallengingproblem. Asaconsequence, in the last decade the networking research community has witnessed an - plosion in research on all aspects of video transport. The characteristics of video tra?c, video tra?c modeling, as well as protocols and mechanisms for the e?cient transport of video streams, have received a great deal of interest among networking researchers and network operators and a plethora of video transport schemes have been developed. For developing and evaluating video transport mechanisms and for - search on video networking in general, it is necessary to have available some characterizationofthevideo. Generally, therearethreedi?erentwaystoch- acterize encoded video for the purpose of networking research: (i)video tra?c model, (ii) video bit stream, and (iii) video tra?c trace

Spis treści

1. Introduction Part I Digital Video 2. Introduction to Digital Video. 2.1 The Beginning of Moving Pictures. 2.2 Digital Picture and Video Representation. 2.3 Video Hierarchy. 3. Video Encoding. 3.1 DCT-Based Video Encoding. 3.2 Inter-frame Coding. 3.3 Scalable Video Encoding. 3.4 Wavelet-Based Video Encoding. 3.5 Video Coding Standards. Part II Video Traces and Statistics 4. Metrics and Statistics for Video Traces. 4.1 Video Frame Size. 4.2 Video Frame Quality. 4.3 Correlation between Video Frame Sizes and Qualities. 4.4 Additional Metrics for FGS Encodings. 4.5 Additional Metrics for MDC Encodings. 5. Video Trace Generation. 5.1 Overview of Video Trace Generation and Evaluation Process. 5.2 MDC Trace Generation. 5.3 Evaluation of MPEG-4 Encodings. 5.4 Evaluation of H.264 Encodings. 5.5 Evaluation of MPEG-4 FGS Encodings. 5.6 Evaluation of Wavelet Video Traces. 5.7 Evaluation of Pre-Encoded Content. 5.8 Evaluation of MDC Encodings. 6. Statistical Results from Video Traces. 6.1 Video Trace Statistics for MPEG-4 Encoded Video. 6.2 Video Trace Statistics for H.264 Video Trace Files. 6.3 Video Trace Statistics for Preencoded Video. 6.4 Video Trace Statistics for Wavelet Encoded Video. 6.5 Video Trace Statistics for MPEG-4 FGS Encoded Video. 6.6 Video Trace Statistics for MDC Encoded Video. Part III Applications for Video Traces 7. IP Overhead Considerations for Video Services. 7.1 Introduction and Motivation. 7.2 Data Plane. 7.3 Signaling Overhead. 7.4 Header Compression Schemes. 7.5 Short Example for Overhead Calculation. 8. Using Video Traces for Network Simulations. 8.1 Generating Traffic from traces. 8.2 Simulation Output Data Analysis. 9. Incorporating Transmission Errors Into Simulations Using Video Traces. 9.1 Video Encoding and Decoding. 9.2 Video Quality after Network Transport. 9.3 Video Offset Distortion. 9.4 Perceptual Considerations for Offset Distortions or Qualities. 9.5 Using Video offset Distortion Traces. 9.6 Offset Distortion Influence on Simulation Results. 9.7 Error-Prone and Lost MDC Descriptors. 10. Tools for Working with Video Traces. 10.1 Using Video Traces with Network Simulators. 10.2 The VideoMeter tool for Linux. 10.3 RMSE and PSNR Calculator. 10.4 MPEG-4 Frame Size Parser. 10.5 Offset Distortion Calculators. 11. Outlook Acknowledgements. References. Index.