1 History and Introduction to Vertebral Augmentation 2 Vertebral Compression Fractures 3 Preprocedure Assessment Prior to Vertebral Augmentation 4 Physical Examination Findings in Patients with Vertebral Compression Fractures 5 Medical Pain Management in Patients with Vertebral Compression Fractures 6 Approaches to the Vertebral Body 7 Properties of Bone Cements and Vertebral Fill Materials: Implications for Clinical Use in Image-Guided Therapy and Vertebral Augmentation 8 Vertebroplasty 9 Sacroplasty: Management of Sacral Insufficiency Fractures 10 Cervical and Posterior Arch Augmentation 11 Balloon Kyphoplasty 12 Vertebral Augmentation with Implants 13 Radiation Exposure and Protection: A Conversation Beyond the Inverse Square Law, Thermoluminescent Dosimeters, and Lead Aprons 14 Appropriateness Criteria for Vertebral Augmentation 15 Literature Analysis of Vertebral Augmentation 16 Cost-Effectiveness of Vertebral Augmentation 17 Additional and Adjacent Level Fractures after Vertebral Augmentation 18 Predisposing Factors to Vertebral Fractures 19 Bracing for Spinal Fractures 20 Amount of Cement or Vertebral Fill Material for Optimal Treatment and Pain Relief 21 Clinical Presentation and the Response to Vertebral Augmentation 22 Effect of Vertebral Augmentation on Morbidity and Mortality 23 Number of Levels Appropriately Treated with Vertebral Augmentation 24 Pain after Vertebral Augmentation 25 Postural Fatigue Syndrome 26 Physical Therapy after Vertebral Augmentation 27 Sham vs. Vertebral Augmentation 28 Treatment of Chronic Vertebral Compression Fractures 29 Treatment of Neoplastic Vertebral Compression Fractures 30 Vertebral Augmentation in Instrumented Spinal Fusions 31 Biomechanical Changes after Vertebral Compression Fractures 32 Advanced Principles of Minimally Invasive Vertebral Body Stabilization in Severe Benign and Malignant Fractures: Stent-Screw Assisted Internal Fixation 33 Cementoplasty Outside the Spine 34 Treatment of Osteoporosis after Vertebral Augmentation 35 Miscellaneous Tips by the Masters of Vertebral Augmentation