Vascular Differentiation and Plant Growth Regulators

ISBN-13: 9783642734489 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 154 str.

Lorin W. Roberts; Peter B. Gahan; Roni Aloni

Opis

The main objective of the book is to provide an up-to-date examination of the possible roles of plant hormones during the cytodifferentiation of xylem and phloem elements in higher plants. Various facets of vascular differentiation, as cell determination, cell cycle activity, and the biochemical events in xylogenesis, are analyzed. Furthermore, the latest information on the roles of auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid during vascular cell formation are summarized. A theoretical discussion of the six-point hypothesis and the vascular adaptation hypothesis is included. The experimental induction of vascular differentiation under tissue culture conditions is critically appraised and a concluding chapter covers the interactions between physical factors, growth regulators, and differentiation.

Spis treści

1 Xylem and Phloem Differentiation in Perspective.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Procambium Initiation in Embryos.- 1.3 General Mechanisms of Programming.- 1.4 Quiescent Center.- 1.5 Quantal Mitosis and Differentiation.- 1.6 Multiple Gene Copies and Xylogenesis.- 1.7 Procambium to Cambium.- 1.8 Maintenance and Extension of the Vascular System.- 2 Hormonal Aspects of Vascular Differentiation.- 2.1 Some Characteristics of Plant Hormones.- 2.2 Auxins.- 2.3 Cytokinins.- 2.4 Gibberellins.- 2.5 Ethylene.- 2.6 Polyamines.- 2.7 Inhibitors.- 2.8 Summary.- 3 Vascular Differentiation Within the Plant.- 3.1 Major Problems.- 3.1.1 In Vivo Versus In Vitro Systems.- 3.1.2 The Difficulty of Observing the Phloem.- 3.1.3 Primary Phloem Structure and the Zero-Day Control.- 3.2 Control of Vascular Differentiation by Auxin Flow.- 3.3 Role of Cytokinin in Vascular Differentiation.- 3.4 Relation Between Phloem and Xylem Differentiation.- 3.5 Graniferous Tracheary Elements.- 3.6 Control of Conduit Size and Density.- 3.7 Sites of Xylem Initiation and Rates of Maturation in Relation to Conduction.- 3.8 Role of Gibberellin and the Control of Fiber Differentiation...- 3.9 Transfer Cells.- 3.10 Vascular Adaptation.- 4 Evidence from Wound Responses and Tissue Cultures.- 4.1 Rationale for Using Wounds and Tissue Cultures to Study Vascular Differentiation.- 4.2 Coleus Stem Wounds and Cultured Internodal Explants.- 4.3 Root and Shoot Wounds of Pisum.- 4.4 Vascular Differentiation in Other Wound Systems.- 4.5 Induced Xylogenesis in Lactuca Pith Parenchyma.- 4.6 Xylogenesis in Explants from Storage Organs.- 4.7 Differentiation in Suspension Cultures Including the Zinnia System.- 4.8 Cell Wall Metabolism During Xylem Differentiation.- 4.9 Some Final Thoughts on Tissue Culture Systems.- 5 Physical Factors, Hormones, and Differentiation.- 5.1 Identification of the Physical Factors Influencing Vascular Differentiation.- 5.2 Temperature.- 5.3 Water.- 5.4 Light.- 5.5 Gases.- 5.6 Mechanical Stress.- 5.7 Acidity.- Epilogue.- References.- Appendix: Abbreviations.