Urodynamics: Upper and Lower Urinary Tract

ISBN-13: 9783642656422 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 344 str.

W. Lutzeyer; H. Melchior

Opis

Once urology was established as a medical specialty, the initial anatomic-morpho logical point of view was soon supplemented by functional considerations and diagnostic procedures, thanks to the introduction of the cystoscope (NrTzE, 1877) and retrograde pyelography (VOELCKER, ]OSEPH and VON LrCHTENBERG, 1903). Intravenous urography (VOLKMANN, 1924; VON LrCHTENBERG, PFLAUMER and SWICK, 1929) lent roentgen examinations a more functional aspect. The word "urodynamics" refers to the functional approach to the urinary trac- from the renal pelvis and calyces, the ureter and bladder down to the bladder neck and urethra. The embryologically denned topographie regions of the urogenital tract are peripheral relays, while the actual site of action of both normal and patho logical urodynamics is to be found in the various hollow muscular organs. Despite extensive basic research and much knowledge acquired in this neld, the active transport system between site of production and storage, i. e. the renal pelvis and ureter, is still regarded in clinical practice mainly from the anatomic-morphological viewpoint. It is not easy to obtain adequate information for the clinical assessment of functional disturbances of the ureter. For instance, retrograde exploration methods may often be complicated by infection. Clinically applicable methods for functional assessment of the upper urinary tract are (RUTISHAUSER): direct observation of the ureteral orinces, intravenous and retro grade visualization by roentgen contrast medium, sequential pyelography, roentgen kymography, and cinematography. Such methods allow good functional exploration by an experienced investigator but they yield hardly any objectively reproducible records."

Spis treści

Urodynamic Concepts.- Hydrodynamic Aspects of Urinary Tract Infection.- Motion Picture: Energy Destroyer in Urology.- The Potential Value of Urodynamic Measurements in Clinical Practice.- A New Uro-Rheomanometer.- Technique of Routine Cine/Pressure/Flow Cystography.- The Mictiograph — a New Principle in the Measurement and Recording of Urinary Flow.- Descending Simultaneous Measurement of the Urinary Bladder and Sphincter Pressures during Continuous Perfusion of the Urethra after Operations for Incontinence.- Discussion.- Spontaneous Generation of Excitation in the Pyeloureteral System and the Effect of Adrenergic Substances.- Discussion.- Urinary Flow and Ureteral Peristalsis.- Discussion.- Functional Parameters of Ureteral Peristalsis.- Complex Analyses of the Dynamics of the Renal Cavity System.- Electron Microscopic Observations on Human Ureteric Structure.- The Autonomic Innervation of the Ureter and Ureterovesical Junction.- Discussion.- Dynamics of the Ureter — Ureteral Physiology in the Monkey.- The Effect of Adrenergic Substances on the Ureter Dynamics.- Discussion.- Ureteral Peristalsis and Adrenergic Drugs.- Spasmolysis by ?-Adrenergic Agents.- Discussion.- Functional Changes in Peristalsis: Hydronephrosis of Pregnancy.- Histochemical Studies on the Ureter after Ligation.- Changes in the Electrophysiologic Activity of the Ureter in Irregular Renaland Ureteral Hemodynamics.- The Effect of Acute and Chronic Urinary Obstruction on Renal Function.- Congenital Ureteral Strictures.- Discussion.- Functional Ureteral Stenosis.- Discussion.- The Influence of Bladder Dynamics on Ureteral Dynamics.- Discussion.- Congenital Physiopathology of the Ureterovesical Junction.- The Growth of Ureterovesical Unity. A Contribution to the Study of Muscular Arrangement in the Terminal Ureter.- Anatomical Aspects of Vesicoureteral Reflux.- Discussion.- Primary Vesico-Ureteral Reflux in Children.- Ureteral Dynamics in Obstructive Uropathy.- Dynamics of Urinary Obstructions.- Discussion.- Clinical Experiences with Antireflux Procedures.- Discussion.- Normal Micturition.- Studies of Mechanisms of Continence, Incontinence and Voiding.- Vesicourethral Dynamics.- Clinical Problems Associated with Urodynamic Abnormalities with Special Reference to the Value of Synchronous Cine/Pressure/Flow Cystography and the Clinical Importance of Detrusor Function Studies.- Static and Dynamic Pressure Parameters in the Closure of the Bladder.- Discussion.- The Measurements of the Urethrovesical Angle and its Importance for the Function of the Bladder Neck.- The Velocity Profile of the Human Urethra: Measurement and Significance.- Correlation of Flow Rate Profile with Diseases of the Urethra in Man.- Resistance Measurements in the Human Urethra.- Discussion.- Electric-Sensibility of the Bladder.- Electrostimulation of the Neurogenic Urinary Bladder.- Discussion.- Dynamics of the Urinary Bladder Orifices during Electrical Neurostimulation of the Bladder.- Discussion.- Energy Balance of Voiding Post-Ileocecocystoplasty.- Summary and Conclusions of the 1st International Symposium on Urodynamics.