Urban Lighting, Light Pollution and Society

ISBN-13: 9781138813960 / Angielski / Twarda / 2014 / 312 str.

Ute Hasenohrl; Katharina Krause; Josiane Meier

Opis

After decades "in the shadows," urban lighting is re-emerging as a matter of public debate. Long-standing truths are increasingly questioned as a confluence of developments affects lighting itself and the way it is viewed. Light has become an integral element of place-making and energy-saving initiatives alike. Rapidly evolving lighting technologies are opening up new possibilities, but also posing new challenges to planners, and awareness is growing that artificial illumination is not purely benign but can actually constitute a form of pollution. As a result, public policy frameworks, incentives and initiatives are undergoing a phase of innovation and change that will affect how cities are lit for years to come.

The first comprehensive compilation of current scientific discussions on urban lighting and light pollution from a social science and humanities perspective, "Urban Lighting, Light Pollution and Society" contributes to an evolving international debate on an increasingly controversial topic. The contributions draw a rich panorama of the manifold discourses connected with artificial illumination in the past and present from early attempts to promote new lighting technologies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to current debates on restricting its excessive usage in public space and the protection of darkness. By bringing together a cross-section of current findings and debates on urban lighting and light pollution from a wide variety of disciplines, it reflects that artificial lighting is multifaceted in its qualities, utilisation and interpretation.

Including case studies from the United States, Europe, and the UK, "Urban Lighting, Light Pollution and Society" is one of the first to take a serious assessment of light, pollution, and places and is a valuable resource for planners, policy makers and students in related subjects. "

Spis treści

Part I: Lighting up the City: Perceptions and Practices; Introduction; 1. Out of the Dark: A Brief History of Artificial Light in Outdoor Spaces; 2. The Transformation of American Urban Space - Early Electric Lighting, 1875-1915; 3. From Shakespearean Nights to Light Pollution: (Artificial) Light in Anglophone Literature; 4. The Emergence of Public Nightlife in Nineteenth Century Istanbul; 5. The Rich Potentialities of Light Festivals: Defamiliarisation, a Sense of Place and Convivial Atmospheres; Part II: Dimming it Down: Lighting Conflicts and Regulation; Introduction; 1. Lighting Conflicts from a Historical Perspective; 2. Regulating Urban Lighting – Prospects for Institutional Change; 3. Lighting Master Plans – Status Quo, Possibilities and Limitations; 4. Regulating Light Pollution in Europe: Legal Challenges and Ways Forward; 5. Designating Dark Sky Areas: Actors and Interests; Part III: Counting the Costs: Evaluating Light and Darkness; Introduction; 1. The Economics of Night-Time Illumination; 2. Residents’ perceptions of light and darkness; 3. Improved Visibility of the Night Sky: An Economic Analysis; 4. The Value of the Night Sky; 5. Night lights – an indicator for the good life?; Towards a Brighter Future? – Conclusions for Lighting Research and Policy