Understanding Fever and Body Temperature: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach to Clinical Practice

ISBN-13: 9783030218881 / Angielski / Miękka / 2020 / 174 str.

Ewa Grodzinsky; Märta Sund Levander

Recenzje

"The book is written in an understandable, interesting manner suitable for a wide range of readers including undergraduate medical students and various health care professionals ... . Understanding Fever and Body Temperature: A Cross-disciplinary Approach to Clinical Practice is a well-written, concise, worth-reading book that provides valuable information about the regulation and assessment of body temperature and the pathophysiology and clinical implications of fever." (Mohamed Mohamed Tawfik, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 130 (6), June, 2020)

Spis treści

​Table of Contents.

About the Authors.

Foreword.

Acknowledgements.

Chapter 1: Introduction to Understanding Fever and Body Temperature.

Chapter 2: History of Body Temperature.

Ancient times—An Imbalance in Bodily Fluids

Seventeenth Century—Accumulations of Waste Products and Fermentation

Eighteenth Century—Thermoregulation and the Natural Phases of Fever

Nineteenth Century—Medical Thermometers and "Fever Hospitals"

Twentieth Century—A Scientific Approach to Fever, Microorganisms, and Thermoregulation

Twenty-First Century—Interventions in Fever—Has Anything Changed?

Hypothermia

Reflections

References

Chapter 3: History of the Thermometer.

Thermoscopy

The Thermometer

The Fahrenheit Scale

The Centigrade Scale

The Kelvin Scale

Thermocouples

Tympanic Membrane Radiometry

Clinical Thermometry

The Clinical Thermometer

Non-Contact Temperature Measurement

Reflections

References

Chapter 4: Technical Accuracy.

Calibration

Traceability, Accreditation, ITS-90 and Standards

Clinical Thermometers

General Principles of Operation

Other Factors Affecting Measurement

Types of Thermometers

Reflections

References

Chapter 5: Thermoregulation of the Human Body.

Heat Production and Heat Loss

Heat Transfer

Radiation

Conduction

Convection

Evaporation

Physiology of Thermoregulation

Thermoreceptors

Set Point or Thermoeffector Threshold Zone

How to Maintain Normal Body Temperature

Cardio Vascular System

Sudomotor Control

Metabolism

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

Age and Gender Differences

Alterations in Body Temperature—Hyperthermia and Hypothermia

Reflections

General References

Specific References

Chapter 6: Physiological and Immunological Activity.

Physiological and Immunological Function of the Immune System

Inflammatory Activity Within Infections

Cells of the Immune System

Cells in the Innate Immune System

Cells in the Adaptive Immune System

Immunoglobulins

Cytokines

Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Cytonkines as REgulatros of Lymphocyte Activation, Growth, and Differentiation

Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines

Cytokines with Both Pro-Inflammation and Anti-Inflammation Activity

Immunological Activity During Pregnancy

The Competent System

Acute Phase Proteins

Pyrogenic Activity

Fever Phases

Reflections

General References

Specific References

Chapter 7: Assessment and Evaluation of Body Temperature.

Normal Body Temperature

Differences Between Individuals

Gender

Age

Differences within Individuals—Temperature Gradients Within the Body

Measurement of Body Temperature

Site of Measurement

The Rectal Site

The Oral Site

The Auxillary Site

The Ear Site

The Temporal Artery Site (Forehead)

Reflections

References

Chapter 8: Physiological and Inflammatory Activity in Various Conditions.

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoinflammatory Diseases

Immunodeficiency

Malignancies

Metabolic and Endocrine Disorder

Diabetes

Atherosclerosis

Inflammation and Pain

Trauma, Neurodegenerative Disorders and Post-Operative Conditions Following Surgery

Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

Reflections

General References

Specific References

Chapter 9: Clinical Implications.

The Adaptive Value of Elevated Body Temperature

Perceptions of Fever

Fever and Symptoms of Illness

Antipyresis

Antipyretics

Physical Anipyresis

Shivering

Fever in the Critically Ill

Fever in Frail, Elderly Individuals

Fever in Children

Antipyresis in Children

Febrile Seizures

Hyperthermia

Hypothermia

Therapeutic Hypothermia

Practical Guidelines when Assessing Body Temperature

Reflections

Specific References

Chapter 10: Conclusions.

Index.

O autorze

Ewa Grodzinsky, Reg. BLS, PhD, is Associate Professor of Pharmaceutic Research at Linköping University in Linköping, Sweden

Märta Sund Levander, RNT, PhD, is Associate Professor of Nursing at Linköping University in Linköping, Sweden

Blurb

This book uses problem-based learning (PBL) to give an interdisciplinary overview of the concept of fever. Sund-Levander and Grodzinsky approach fever in a broader perspective than is traditionally adopted, considering human thermal responses, the development of thermometry, thermoregulation as influenced by heat transfers and thermal gradients, and the relevance and implications of thermal measures as a diagnostic tool in clinical practice. The book is based on research in the fields of physiology, immunology, laboratory science, nursing care, and metrology, as well as a consideration of groundbreaking technological and scientific developments. To facilitate learning, the authors have included scenarios in the form of realistic situations from clinical practice, to be reflected on from an inter-professional perspective in clinical practice, and in advanced education of health care professionals, laboratory scientists, and technicians.