Un Millennium Development Library: Innovation: Applying Knowledge in Development

ISBN-13: 9781844072187 / Angielski / Miękka / 2005 / 220 str.

Lee Yee-Cheong; Calestous Juma

Opis

The use of new sciences and technologies in developing countries is vital in alleviating poverty and human suffering for the long term. Innovation makes a powerful case for development policies to focus on key sources of economic growth, particularly the use of scientific and technological knowledge and related institutional adjustments. It outlines core areas for policy action, including a focus on platform or generic technologies, defining infrastructure services as foundations for technology, placing universities at the centre of local development and improving science education, spurring entrepreneurial activities, improving the policy environment and focusing on areas of under-funded research for development.

Spis treści

Foreword -- Task force members -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Millennium Development Goals -- Executive summary -- Part 1 Mapping the terrain -- 1 Development as learning -- Transformational nature of technological innovation -- Scope of the report -- 2 How science and technology can contribute to achieving the Goals -- Contribution to human welfare -- Contribution to energy -- Contribution to health -- Contribution to water and sanitation -- Contribution to political stability and global security -- Technology in today’s global setting -- Conclusion -- 3 Innovation and economic advance -- Economic growth and innovation -- Technological divergence across countries -- Technology, innovation, and income levels -- Technological learning and public policy -- Conclusion -- Part 2 Gearing up -- 4 Platform technologies with wide applicability -- Information and communications technology -- Biotechnology -- Nanotechnology -- New materials -- Influence of platform technologies beyond-2015 -- Conclusion -- 5 Adequate infrastructure services as a foundation for technology -- Infrastructure and technological innovation -- Infrastructure and technological learning processes -- Innovation in energy: the sustainability challenge -- Research facilities as infrastructure -- Planning for infrastructure development -- Mobilizing the engineering profession and young professionals -- Establishing standards -- Conclusion -- 6 Investing in education in science and technology -- Primary and secondary school education in science -- Higher education in science, technology, and innovation -- Scientists and engineers in the global economy -- A new Colombo Plan for Sub-Saharan Africa -- New roles for universities and technical institutes -- Forging partnerships with nongovernmental organizations Conclusion -- 7 Promoting technology-based business activities -- Fostering the creation and growth of small and medium-size enterprises -- Improving access to financial capital -- Establishing industry extension services -- Establishing international partnerships and linkages -- Using government procurement -- Using selective industrial policies -- Complying with intellectual property rights regulations -- Meeting international standards and technical regulations -- Conclusion -- Part 3 Forging ahead -- 8 Acquiring knowledge in a globalizing world -- Enhancing the capacity to use available technologies -- Engaging in technology prospecting -- Attracting foreign direct investment -- Upgrading technological capabilities and systems -- Joining global value chains -- Conducting research to generate new technologies -- Forging international technology partnerships -- The role of the diaspora in a global economy -- New barriers to technological learning -- Conclusion -- 9 Advising governments on science, technology, and innovation -- The functions of scientific advisory groups -- The structure of scientific advisory bodies -- Building the capacity to provide advice -- Conclusion -- 10 Governing global technology -- International norm setting Operational activities -- Open access to scientific and technical information -- Launching innovation-focused missions -- Managing technological risks -- Conclusion -- 11 Conclusions and outlook -- Strategic outlook -- Looking ahead -- Notes -- References.

O autorze

The Millennium Project was commissioned by the UN Secretary-General and sponsored by the United Nations Development Programme on behalf of the UN Development Group. The report is an independent publication that reflects the views of the members of the Task Force on Science, Technology, and Innovation, who contributed in their personal capacity.