Ultrasound Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases

ISBN-13: 9783642646690 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 743 str.

P. J. S. Valette

Opis

For the new English edition, this highly popular book has been thoroughly revised and updated to include the enormous progress seen recently in the field of ultrasonography. After an extensive technical introduction the book covers the sonoanatomy and ultrasonic symptomatology of the diseases of the digestive system and the abdominal vessels. New chapters deal with portal hypertension, the intestine, including appendicitis, endoscopic ultrasonography of carcinomas and abdominal abnormalities arising from AIDS. In such a fast-moving medical field, this detailed, extensively illustrated book will help both the experienced clinician and those in training to consolidate their knowledge of ultrasound in daily practice.

Recenzje

"Should your x-ray or ultrasound department not have a copy of this text, I would recommend that you go and buy one. If you have room on your bookshelf it may be wise to buy two." RAD Magazine

Spis treści

1 General Principles.- 1. Principles of Ultrasonography and Types of Ultrasound Imaging.- Principles of Ultrasound Laminagraphy.- Static Scanning (Contact).- Dynamic Real-Time Imaging.- Mechanical Scanners.- Arrays (Linear, Curved, Phased).- Contact Scanning and Real-Time Scanning.- Interventional Sonology.- Spatial Resolution.- Contrast Resolution.- Three-Dimensional Imaging.- Doppler Imaging (Pulsed Doppler, Duplex-Doppler).- Color Doppler Scanning.- Color Coding Without Doppler.- Expected Improvements in Doppler Imaging.- References and Further Reading.- 2. Types of Tissue Echo Pattern and Artifacts.- Contour Images.- Tissue Images.- Liquid and Solid Regions.- Semisolid (or “Complex”) Echotexture.- Tissue Identification or Characterization with Contrast Agents.- Tubular Images.- Artifacts.- Acoustic Shadowing.- Other Artifacts.- Artifacts in Doppler.- References and Further Reading.- 3. Examination Methods and Positioning.- Preparation of the Patient.- Positions and Scanning Planes.- Ultrasonically Guided Biopsy and Drainage.- Choice of Ultrasound Equipment.- Documentation.- Who Should Conduct the Examination?.- References and Further Reading.- 4. An Anatomic Guide in the Examination of the Upper Abdomen: Echoangiography.- TheAorta.- Branches of the Aorta.- The Vena Cava.- Branches of the Vena Cava.- The Portal System.- References and Further Reading.- 2 The Liver.- 5. Examination Techniques.- Choice of Techniques.- Failures.- Views and Patient Positions.- Preparation of the Patient.- Doppler Examination.- Perendoscopic and Laparoscopic Ultrasound.- Ultrasonographically Guided Biopsy.- References and Further Reading.- 6. Sonoanatomy of the Liver.- General Shape and Contours.- Contours.- Size.- Hepatic Parenchyma.- Tubular Structures.- Sectorial and Segmental Anatomy.- Ultrasonographic Anatomic Relations.- Conclusion.- References and Further Reading.- 7. Hepatomegaly and Diffuse Liver Diseases.- The Criteria for Hepatomegaly.- Relations of the Liver to the Costal Margin; Angle and Tangent Signs.- Nonspecific Hepatomegaly.- Cardiac Liver.- Hepatitis.- Congenital Fibrosis.- Other Nonspecific Hepatomegalies.- Storage Diseases.- References and Further Reading.- 8. Metastases.- Technical Data.- Elementary Signs.- Contour Abnormalities.- Changes in Echotexture.- Nodules.- Ductal Abnormalities.- Discussion of the Elementary Signs.- The Bump Sign.- The Margin Sign.- Hypoechoic Regions.- Hyperechoic Regions.- Global Ultrasound Features of Hepatic Metastases.- Solitary Nodules.- Multiple Nodules.- Histologic Correlations.- Lymphomas.- Hepatic Signs.- Associated Signs.- Metastases and Chemotherapy.- Interventional Sonology.- Differential Diagnosis.- Reliability of Ultrasound — Association with Other Procedures.- References and Further Reading.- 9. Primary Tumors of the Liver and Ultrasonographic Follow-up of Liver Transplantation.- Section 1. Primary Tumors of the Liver.- Malignant Tumors.- Hepatocellular Carcinomas and Fibrolamellar Hepatocarcinomas.- Pathology.- Diagnosis of Spead and Screening.- Rare Malignant Tumors.- Interventional Sonology and Radiology in Hepatocarcinoma.- Benign Tumors.- Adenoma.- Focal Nodular Hyperplasia.- Hamartomas.- Cystadenomas.- Lipomas and Angiomyolipomas.- Vascular Tumors.- Section 2. Ultrasonographic Follow-up of Transplanted Livers.- Morphologic Evaluation.- Parenchyma and Bile Ducts.- Vessels.- References and Further Reading.- 10. Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension.- Section 1. Morphologic Changes of Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension.- Morphologic Appearances of Cirrhosis.- Hepatomegaly and the Bright Liver.- Steatosis, Fibrosis, and Hepatic Retraction.- Associated Abnormalities.- Splenomegaly.- Ascites.- Jaundice.- Hepatocarcinoma.- Portal Hypertension.- Etiologic Factors in Portal Thrombosis.- Budd-Chiari-Syndrome and Veno-Occlusive Disease.- Differential Diagnosis.- Section 2. Doppler Ultrasound and the Portal Venous System (M.Lafortune).- Anatomy of the Portal Venous System.- Physiology of the Portal Circulation.- Portal Hypertension.- Definition.- Pathophysiology.- Technique of Doppler Examination.- Doppler Flow Volume Measurements.- Normal Doppler Patterns.- Doppler in Portal Hypertension.- Prehepatic Portal Hypertension.- Portal Hypertension of Hepatic Origin.- Posthepatic Portal Hypertension.- Surgical Portosystemic Shunts.- Nonsurgical Portosystemic Shunts.- References and Further Reading.- 11. Abscesses, Cysts, and Parasitoses.- Abscesses.- Bacterial Abscesses.- Amebic Abscesses.- Mycotic (Aspergillic) Abscesses.- Tuberculous Abscesses.- Congenital Cysts and Biliary Cysts.- Parasitic Cysts.- The Common Hydatid Cyst.- Multilocular Echinococcosis.- Other Parasitoses of the Liver.- References and Further Reading.- 12. Differential Diagnosis.- Confusing Juxtahepatic Images.- Hypoechoic Images.- Hyperechoic Images.- Confusing Anatomic Intrahepatic Images.- Hypoechoic Anatomic Images.- Hyperechoic Anatomic Images.- Contour Images.- Diagnosis of Liver Diseases.- Characterization of a Hepatic Mass (M.Lafortune).- Benign Lesions.- Malignant Tumors.- References and Further Reading.- 13. The Postoperative Liver.- References and Further Reading.- 14. Juxtahepatic Liquid Collections and Ascites; Sonoanatomy of the Peritoneum.- Juxtahepatic Collections.- Subcapsular Collections.- Subdiaphragmatic Collections.- Supradiaphragmatic Collections.- Peritoneal Effusions.- Small Effusions and the Anatomy of the Ligaments and Peritoneal Recesses.- Peritoneal Anatomy: Comparison of Ultrasound and Computed Tomography.- Abundant Ascites.- Rare (and Less Rare) Types of Ascites.- Pneumoperitoneum.- Other Autonomous Peritoneal Diseases.- References and Further Reading.- 3 The Bile Ducts.- 15. The Bile Ducts: Examination Techniques and Sonoanatomy.- Examination Techniques.- Gallbladder.- Main Bile Duct.- Intrahepatic Bile Ducts.- Interventional Sonology.- Perendoscopic Ultrasonography (PERUS).- Sonoanatomy.- Gallbladder.- Main Bile Duct.- Biliary Convergence and Intrahepatic Bile Ducts.- References and Further Reading.- 16. Biliary Lithiasis and Cholecystitis.- Gallstones.- Direct Sign.- Indirect Sign.- Differential Diagnosis and Pitfalls.- Specific Diseases of the Gallbladder.- Lithiasis of the Common Bile Duct.- Intrahepatic Calculi.- Cholecystitis.- Acute Cholecystitis.- Diagnosis of Acute Cholecystitis.- Chronic Cholecystitis.- General Reliability of Biliary Ultrasonography.- Interventional Sonology.- References and Further Reading.- 17. Rare Abnormalities of the Bile Ducts, Congenital Anomalies, and Tumors.- Cysts of the Bile Ducts.- Caroli’s Syndrome (Ectasia of the Intrahepatic Bile Ducts).- Aerobilia.- Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Secondary (Pyogenic) Sclerosing Cholangitis.- Tumors of the Gallbladder.- Benign Tumors.- Malignant Tumors.- Metastases.- Differential Diagnosis.- Tumors of the Bile Ducts.- Extrahepatic.- Intrahepatic.- Clonorchiasis.- Trauma of the Gallbladder.- The Shell Sign.- References and Further Reading.- 4 The Pancreas and Retroperitoneal Space.- 18. Examination of the Pancreas: Techniques.- Review of Anatomy.- Views and Sectional Planes.- Endoscopic, Endoluminal, and Intraoperative Ultrasonography.- References and Further Reading.- 19. Sonoanatomy of the Pancreas.- Position.- Anatomic Landmarks.- Superior Mesenteric Vessels.- Splenic Vein.- Left Renal Vessels.- Topography.- Shape.- Size.- Echotexture of the Normal Pancreas.- Status of Adjacent Vessels.- Pitfalls.- Variations and Congenital Anomalies.- References and Further Reading.- 20. Acute Pancreatitis.- Special Examination Techniques.- Pancreatic Swelling.- Contours.- Echotexture.- Liquid Collections.- Evolution.- Abscesses.- Postoperative Complications.- The Transplanted Pancreas.- Diagnostic Strategy.- References and Further Reading.- 21. Fluid Collections of Pancreatic Origin and Pseudocysts.- Definition.- Collections in Situ.- Spontaneous Evolution of Pseudocysts.- Migrating Collections.- Pancreatic Trauma.- Diagnostic Strategy and Other Diagnostic Methods.- References and Further Reading.- 22. Chronic Pancreatitis.- Echotexture.- Contours.- Size.- Acute and Subacute Pancreatitis Developing on Chronic Pancreatitis.- Tubular Structures.- Associated Signs.- Conclusions.- Reliability of Ultrasonography and Relations to Other Diagnostic Methods.- References and Further Reading.- 23. Pancreatic Tumors and Overview of Pancreatic Disease.- Section 1. Pancreatic Tumors.- General Ultrasonographic Signs.- Tumefaction.- Contours.- Echotexture.- Associated Signs and Spread.- Endocrine Tumors — Nesidioblastomas and Apudomas (Insulinomas, Gastrinomas).- Cystic Tumors — Cystadenomas and Cystadenocarcinomas.- Rare Tumors.- Pancreatic Metastases and Lymphomas.- Relation of Ultrasonography to Other Diagnostic Methods.- Reliability.- Strategy.- Guided Therapeutic Puncture.- Section 2. Pancreatic Disease: Overview, Differential Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Strategy.- References and Further Reading.- 5 Humps, Lumps, and Sumps: Digestive Tract, Retroperitoneal Masses, Jaundice, and Perendoscopic Ultrasound.- 24. The Digestive Tract.- Section 1. The Stomach and Duodenum.- Normal Duodenum and Stomach.- Duodenum.- Stomach.- Esophagogastric Junction.- Confusing Images.- Arising from the Normal Colon.- Fecalomas.- Gastric and Duodenal Tumors.- Pancreatic Differential Diagnosis: Pitfalls Other than Tumors.- Liquid Images.- Small Bowel.- Section 2. Sonography of Small Bowel, Appendix, and Colon (G. R. Schmutz, A. Benko, and F. Chapuis).- Sonographic Technique and Normal Small Bowel.- Bowel Neoplasms.- Adenocarcinoma.- Lymphoma.- Metastatic Bowel Tumors.- Rare Bowel Neoplasms.- Inflammatory and Infectious Bowel Diseases.- Crohn’s Disease.- Ulcerative Colitis.- Pseudomembranous Colitis.- Neutropenic Colitis (Typhlitis).- Infectious Enteritis.- Infectious Colitis.- Acute Bowel Disease.- Acute Appendicitis.- Acute Diverticulitis.- Bowel Obstruction.- Intussusception.- Ischemic Bowel Disease.- Bowel Wall Hematomas.- Miscellaneous Bowel Abnormalities.- Diffuse Diseases of the Small Bowel.- Pneumatosis Intestinalis.- Bezoars and Intraluminal Foreign Bodies.- Appendiceal Mucocele.- Meckel’s Diverticulum.- Duplication Cysts.- Conclusion.- References and Further Reading.- 25. Other Nonpancreatic Masses, Mainly Retroperitoneal.- Aneurysms of the Aorta.- Mesenteric Cysts and Varices.- Nonpancreatic Retroperitoneal Tumors.- Adenopathy.- The Inframediastinal Compartment.- Other Retroperitoneal Tumors.- Summary..- References and Further Reading.- 26. Jaundice.- Examination Technique.- Diagnosis of Dilatation of the Biliary Tree.- Gallbladder.- Intra- and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts — The Shotgun Sign.- Intrahepatic Bile Ducts.- Diagnosis of the Level of Obstruction.- Etiologic Diagnosis.- Lithiases.- Pancreatic and Ampullary Obstructions — Infiltration of the Distal Common Bile Duct.- Suprapancreatic Obstruction.- Hilar and Intrahepatic Obstructions.- Congenital Anomalies.- Postoperative Jaundice.- Hepatitis-Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis.- Reliability and Radiologic Strategy.- References and Further Reading.- 27. Perendoscopic Ultrasound (PERUS).- Technique.- Examination Technique.- Endosonographic Anatomy.- Digestive Wall.- Lymph Nodes.- Mediastinum.- Pancreas and Biliary Tract.- Pelvis.- Digestive Pathology.- Digestive Carcinomas.- Wall Infiltration.- Lymph Node Involvement.- Submucosal Tumors.- Esophagus.- Carcinoma.- Esophageal Submucosal Tumors.- Gastric Lesions.- Carcinoma of the Stomach and Esophagogastric Junction.- Gastropathies with Large Rugae Pattern.- Submucosal Gastric Tumors.- Other Gastric Lesions.- Rectum and Anal Lesions.- Rectal Carcinoma.- Villous Tumors.- Submucosal Tumors.- Inflammatory Processes.- Anal Incontinence.- Biliopancreatic Pathology.- The Biliary Tract.- Choledochal Lithiasis.- Biliary Tumors.- Cholangitis.- Pancreatic Lesions.- Pancreatic Carcinoma.- Endocrine Tumors.- Cystic Tumors.- Ampullar Lesions.- Ampullar Tumors.- Nontumoral Ampullar Pathology.- Diagnosis of Inconclusive Obstructive Jaundice.- References and Further Reading.- 6 Spleen, Acute Abdomen, and AIDS.- 28. The Spleen.- Section 1. Examination Techniques and Sonoanatomy.- Examination Techniques.- Without Splenomegaly.- Splenomegaly.- Sonoanatomy.- General Shape and Contours.- Echotexture.- Accessory Spleen, Wandering Spleen, and Polysplenia.- Anatomic Relations.- Specific Appearances.- Size Criteria.- Section 2. The Pathologic Spleen.- Nonspecific Splenomegaly.- Splenic Lesions of Lymphomas and Other Tumors.- Lymphomas.- Other Tumors.- Cysts.- Infarcts, Spontaneous Hematomas, and Abscesses.- Infarcts and Hematomas.- Abscesses.- Spontaneous Ruptures and Traumatic Lesions.- Calcifications.- Aneurysms.- Differential Diagnosis.- Reliability and Diagnostic Strategy.- References and Further Reading.- 29. The Acute Abdomen — Abscesses, Hematomas, and Postoperative Collections.- Special Techniques.- Abscesses.- General Characteristics.- Topography.- Postoperative Collections.- Abscesses.- Other Collections.- Foreign Bodies.- Evolution.- Hematomas.- General Characteristics.- Topography.- Evolution.- The Acute Abdomen Proper.- Acute Painful Right Upper Quadrant.- Acute Painful Left Upper Quadrant.- Painful Syndromes with Shock.- Acute Appendicitis.- Syndromes of Intestinal Obstruction.- Intussusception.- Biliary Perforation and Septic Processes.- Hernias.- Abdominal Trauma.- Traumatic Lesions of the Liver.- Traumatic Lesions of the Spleen.- Pancreatic Trauma.- Intestinal Contusion and Perforation.- Other Lesions.- Interventional Sonology.- Reliability of Ultrasonography — Comparison with Other Procedures.- Conclusion.- References and Further Reading.- 30. Abdominal Ultrasound in AIDS Patients.- Clinical and Epidemiologic Data.- Hepatic Lesions.- Kaposi’s Sarcoma.- Lymphoma.- Infection.- Other Hepatic Lesions.- Biliary Lesions.- Other Abnormalities.- Conclusion.- References and Further Reading.- 31. Some Practical Advice, or, Howto Do Better than We Did.- Choice of Ultrasonographic Apparatus.- Sophisticated, Specialized, Automated, and Basic Apparatus.- Practical Training.

Blurb

For this new English edition, the highly popular Ultrasound Diagnosis of Digestive Diseases has been thoroughly revised and updated to include the enormous progress seen recently in the field of ultrasonography, especially endoscopic ultrasonography and pulsed and color Doppler ultrasonography After an extensive technical introduction the book covers the sonoanatomy and ultrasonic symptomatology of the diseases of the digestive system and the abdominal vessels. New chapters deal with portal hypertension, the intestine, including appendicitis, endoscopic ultrasonography of carcinomas and abdominal abnormalities arising from AIDS. Anatomical data and descriptions of elementary symptoms will enable the beginner to become familiar with the more specialized features of the subject and will also help the more experienced clinician to consolidate his knowledge of ultrasound in daily practice. This book will be a standard text for practitioners in the fields of radiology, ultrasonography, gastroenterology, and internal medicine.