ContributorsPrefaceSection I: Towards Edward Jenner's Revenge: Developing an Effective Tuberculosis VaccineA. Basic Immunology1 Innate Immune Responses to TuberculosisJeffrey S. Schorey and Larry S. Schlesinger2 Cytokines and Chemokines in Mycobacterium tuberculosis InfectionRacquel Domingo-Gonzalez, Oliver Prince, Andrea Cooper, and Shabaana Khader3 Regulation of Immunity to TuberculosisSusanna Brighenti and Diane J. Ordway4 The Memory Immune Response to TuberculosisJoanna R. Kirman, Marcela I. Henao-Tamayo, and Else Marie Agger5 Pathology of Tuberculosis: How the Pathology of Human Tuberculosis Informs and Directs Animal ModelsRandall J. Basaraba and Robert L. HunterB. Animal Models6 Animal Models of Tuberculosis: An OverviewAnn Williams and Ian M. Orme7 Mouse and Guinea Pig Models of TuberculosisIan M. Orme and Diane J. Ordway8 Non-Human Primate Models of TuberculosisJuliet C. Peña and Wen-Zhe Ho9 Experimental Infection Models of Tuberculosis in Domestic LivestockBryce M. Buddle, H. Martin Vordermeier, and R. Glyn HewinsonC. Vaccines10 Clinical Testing of Tuberculosis Vaccine CandidatesMark Hatherill, Dereck Tait, and Helen McShaneD. Human Immunology11 Human Immunology of TuberculosisThomas J. Scriba, Anna K. Coussens, and Helen A. Fletcher12 The Immune Interaction between HIV-1 Infection and Mycobacterium tuberculosisElsa du Bruyn and Robert John WilkinsonSection II: Drug Discovery and Development: State of the Art and Future Directions13 Preclinical Efficacy Testing of New Drug CandidatesEric L. Nuermberger14 Oxidative Phosphorylation as a Target Space for Tuberculosis: Success, Caution, and Future DirectionsGregory M. Cook, Kiel Hards, Elyse Dunn, Adam Heikal, Yoshio Nakatani, Chris Greening, Dean C. Crick, Fabio L. Fontes, Kevin Pethe, Erik Hasenoehrl, and Michael Berney15 Targeting Phenotypically Tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosisBen Gold and Carl NathanSection III: Biomarkers and Diagnostics16 Tuberculosis Diagnostics: State of the Art and Future DirectionsMadhukar Pai, Mark P. Nicol, and Catharina C. Boehme17 Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Interferon-Gamma Release AssaysMadhukar Pai and Marcel Behr18 Impact of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF Technology on Tuberculosis ControlWendy Susan Stevens, Lesley Scott, Lara Noble, Natasha Gous, and Keertan DhedaSection IV: Host and Strain Diversity19 The Role of Host Genetics (and Genomics) in TuberculosisVivek Naranbhai20 The Evolutionary History, Demography, and Spread of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ComplexMaxime Barbier and Thierry Wirth21 Impact of Genetic Diversity on the Biology of Mycobacerium tuberculosis Complex StrainsStefan Niemann, Matthias Merker, Thomas Kohl, and Philip Supply22 Evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: New Insights into Pathogenicity and Drug ResistanceEva C. Boritsch and Roland BroschSection V: The Signature Problem of Tuberculosis Persistence23 Acid-Fast Positive and Acid-Fast Negative Mycobacterium tuberculosis: The Koch ParadoxCatherine Vilchèze and Laurent Kremer24 Mycobacterial Biofilms: Revisiting Tuberculosis Bacilli in Extracellular Necrotizing LesionsRandall J. Basaraba and Anil K. Ojha25 Killing Mycobacterium tuberculosis In Vitro: What Model Systems Can Teach UsTracy L. Keiser and Georgiana E. Purdy26 Epigenetic Phosphorylation Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and PersistenceMelissa Richard-Greenblatt and Yossef Av-Gay27 DNA Replication in Mycobacterium tuberculosisZanele Ditse, Meindert H. Lamers, and Digby F. Warner28 The Sec Pathways and Exportomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosisBrittany K. Miller, Katelyn E. Zulauf, and Miriam Braunstein29 The Role of ESX-1 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis PathogenesisKa-Wing Wong30 The Minimal Unit of Infection: Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the MacrophageBrian C. VanderVen, Lu Huang, Kyle H. Rohde, and David G. Russell31 Metabolic Perspectives on PersistenceTravis E. Hartman, Zhe Wang, Robert S. Jansen, Susana Gardete, and Kyu Y. Rhee32 Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Mycobacterium tuberculosisNeeraj Dhar, John McKinney, and Giulia Manina33 Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Face of Host-Imposed Nutrient LimitationMichael Berney and Linda Berney-MeyerIndex