Tropospheric Ozone: Regional and Global Scale Interactions

ISBN-13: 9789401078115 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 425 str.

Ivar S. a. Isaksen

Opis

The main objective of the workshop was to increase our knowledge of ozone formation and distribution in the troposphere, its relation to precursor (NO and HC species) distribution, how it is affected by transport processes in the troposphere, and to show how the increasing levels of ozone can cause environmental problem. The focus was on the interaction of ozone on regional and global scales. There is mounting evidence that such interactions occur and that the ozone levels are increasing in most of the Northern Hemisphere tropo sphere. A likely source of ozone increase is human activity. As result of this, tropospheric climate may change significantly within a few decades, either through direct effects by ozone itself or indirectly through its effect on other radiatively active trace species. Further more, ozone may have adverse effects on vegetation over large continental areas due to enhanced levels which have been measured to take place. As it is well known that ozone plays a key role in the oxidation of a large number of chemical species in the troposphere, natural as well as man-made, the atmospheric distribution of important trace species like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons could be markedly changed as a result of ozone changes. The rapidly increasing interest in tropospheric ozone, and the key role ozone plays in several atmospheric areas as well the obvious increase in the tropospheric concentration of ozone made ozone a natural choice as a topic for the workshop."

Spis treści

I Presentations.- Tropospheric Ozone: An Overview.- Transport of Pollutants on Different Scales in the Troposhere.- Ozone on an Urban and Regional Scale-With Special Reference to the Situation in the Netherlands.- Ozone Measurements in Historic Perspective.- Large Scale Distributions of O3, CO and CH4 in the Troposphere from Scientific Aircraft Measurements (Stratoz III).- Ozone Changes at the Surface and in the Free Troposphere.- Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Measurements.- Tropospheric Ozone from Satellite Total Ozone Measurements.- Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange of Ozone.- Measurements of Ozone at Two Background Stations in Finland.- Ozone-Climate Interactions Associated with Increasing Atmospheric Trace Gases.- Ozone Effects on Vegetation.- The Measurement of NOx in the Non-Urban Troposphere.- NOx Sources and the Tropospheric Distribution of NOx during Stratoz III.- Calculation of the Distribution of NOx Compounds in Europe.- Atmospheric Chemistry of NOx and Hydrocarbons Influencing Tropospheric Ozone.- Ozone Production in the Black Forest: Direct Measurements of RO2, NOx and Other Relevant Parameters.- Model Studies of Background Ozone Formation.- Global Transport of Ozone.- The Ozone Problem in Rural Areas of the United States.- A Program of Tropospheric Ozone Research (TOR).- The Aeroce Project.- Sampling Mid-Tropospheric Air at Aeroce Surface Sites.- II Working Group Summaries.- Atmospheric Transport.- NOx in the Troposphere.- The Regional Ozone Problem.- Backgroud Ozone.