Trends and Determinants of Healthy Aging in China

ISBN-13: 9789811941535 / Angielski / Twarda / 2022 / 487 str.

Yi Zeng; Jiehua Lu; Xiaoyan Lei

Opis

This book studies healthy aging in China based on analyses of the datasets of eight waves of longitudinal survey in 1998-2018 with worldwide largest sample of oldest-old. It consists of four parts. The first part reports the 6th, 7th, and 8th surveys of “Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey” (CLHLS), with the largest sample of oldest-old aged 80+ in the world and comparable sample of young-old aged 65–79, trends and characteristics of physical health and mental health of older adults in China based on analyses of the CLHLS datasets. The second part focuses on analyses and discussions of the influencing factors of healthy aging from perspectives of families, socioeconomics and community environments. The third part reports studies on the gender and age differences in main chronic diseases’ prevalence rates, inflammation, anti-oxidation, trace elements, effects of the nutritional dietary structure and the environmental selenium on health among the older adults. The fourth part focuses on the analyses and discussions of policy recommendations to face the serious challenges of the population aging in China and the database of the eight waves of CLHLS from 1998 to 2018, which are available free of charge to scholars, practitioners and general public for scientific research and socioeconomic planning. This book is easy to read and to understand by researchers and the general public, and no special professional background is required.

Spis treści

PART I.  TRENDS OF HEALTHY AGING IN CHINA

Chapter 1. Introduction to CLHLS Survey: the 6th and 7th Waves 

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Survey design and characteristics of the 6th wave in 2011 and 7th wave in 2014

1.3 Main contents of the survey

1.4 Data quality assessment

Chapter 2. Changes in Socioeconomic Status as Determinants of Health with Increase in Ages: Convergence or Divergence?

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Literature review and research design

2.3 Data and research methods

2.4 Research results

2.5 Conclusion

Chapter 3. The Age, Gender, Urban-Rural and Regional Differences in Dynamic Changes of Activity of Daily Living among the Chinese Oldest-old

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Basic information of respondents

3.3 Results of the analyses

3.4 Conclusion

Chapter 4. Trends of Dynamic Changes in Activities of Daily Living, Physical Performance, Cognitive Function and Mortality Rates among the Oldest-old in China

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Data and research methods 

4.3 Main research results

4.4 Conclusion

Appendix

Chapter 5. The Trends of Family Support for the Chinese Oldest-old

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Literature review of related research

5.3 Main data resource and research methods

5.4 Changes of family support to the oldest-old in different time periods

5.5 Changes of family support to the oldest-old from different cohorts

5.6 Conclusion

Chapter 6. Analysis on Trends of Future Home-based Care Needs and Costs for Elderly in China

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Basic theoretical framework and multistate projection model for home-based care needs and costs for the elderly 

6.3 Data sources, estimates and parameters assumptions

6.4 The projection results and discussions

6.5 Conclusion

PART II. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTHY AGING 

Chapter 7. The Impact of Empty-nested Living on Physical and Psychological Health among Chinese Elders

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Literature review

7.3 Research design

7.4 The results and findings

7.5 Conclusion

Chapter 8. The Motives and Mechanisms of Intergenerational Transfer to the Elderly Parents

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Literature review and research design

8.3 Data and research methods

8.4 Research findings

8.5 Conclusion

Chapter 9. Self-Assessment of Health and Life Satisfaction and the Determinants among Elderly

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Data and research methods

9.3 Key findings

9.4 Conclusion

Chapter 10. The Analysis on Gender Difference in Self-rated Health among Elderly in China

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Descriptive analysis

10.3 Multivariate statistical analysis

10.4 Decomposition analysis

10.5 Conclusion

Chapter 11. A Study on the Intensity of Care Needs among the Chinese Elderly

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Data and research methods

11.3 Key research results

11.4 Conclusion

Chapter 12. The Impacts of Universal Medical Insurance Coverage on Health Care Utilization, Financial Burden and Health Status among the Elderly

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Basic characteristics of the elderly

12.3 Changing trend of medical burden among the elderly

12.4 Changing trend of the medical expenses, health care utilization and health status of the elderly

12.5 Econometric model setup

12.6 The impacts of improved social security on health care utilization, financial burden and health status among the elderly

12.7 Conclusion

Appendix

Chapter 13. How Does the New Rural Pension Scheme Remold the Elder-care Pattern in Rural China?

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Literature review

13.3 Theoretical framework and empirical analysis approach

13.4 Data sources and descriptive statistics

13.5 Results of empirical analysis and discussion

13.6 Conclusion

Chapter 14. Effects of the New Rural Society Endowment Insurance Program on Intergenerational Transfer

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Literature review

14.3 Data and descriptive statistics

14.4 Econometric model setup

14.5 Result of empirical analysis

14.6 Conclusion

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Chapter 15. Impacts of Changes in Living Arrangements on Elderly Mortality Risk

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Literature review

15.3 Data and research methods

15.4 results of the analysis

15.5 Conclusion

Chapter 16. Analysis on Influence Factors on Mortality Risk of the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Literature review

16.3 Data sources, research methods and measures

16.4 Key research findings

16.5 Conclusion

Chapter 17. Associations of Community Environmental Factors with Elderly Health and Mortality in China

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Data sources, variable definitions and research methods

17.3 Results of the analysis

17.4 Conclusion

Chapter 17 Appendix

Chapter 18. Effects of Interactions between Environmental and Genetic Factors on Health Aging: A Review on the Relevant Prior Research

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Literature review

18.3 An overview of our previous research

18.4 Conclusion

PART III. ANALYSES OF BIOMARKERS OF THE ELDERLY

Chapter 19. Chronic Diseases, Biomarkers and Their Influencing Factors in the Elderly

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Analysis on chronic diseases and related biomarkers of the elderly in the longevity regions

19.3 Influencing factors of the elderly’ chronic diseases

19.4 Relationship between the elderly’ dietary nutrition and health

19.5 Influencing factors of ADL in the elderly

19.6 Conclusion

Chapter 20. Cognitive Impairment and Biomarkers in the Older Adults

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Prevalence of cognitive impairment in the older adults

20.3 Biomarkers of cognitive impairment

20.4 Conclusion

Chapter 21. Mortality Risk and Biomarkers among the Oldest-old

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Mortality risk of the oldest-old

21.3 Analysis on biomarkers of mortality risk of the oldest-old

21.4 Conclusion

Chapter 22. Selenium and Healthy Aging

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Selenium level in the environment and in the elderly’s body

22.3 Selenium and cognitive function of the elderly

22.4 Selenium and hypertension

22.5 Selenium and dyslipidemia

22.6 Selenium and diabetes

22.7 Conclusion

PART IV. HEALTHY AGING RELATED POLICY ANALYSES

Chapter 23. Demand and Supply of Long-term Care among Elderly in Rural Areas of China and Policy Implications

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Demand of long-term care among elderly in rural areas

23.3 Supply of long-term care among elderly in rural areas

23.4 The impacts of social pension system on care for the elderly: would social pension insurance crowd out care from children?

23.5 Conclusion: policy recommendations

Chapter 24. Impacts of Childhood Socioeconomic Status on Health of Middle-aged and Elderly and Policy Implications

24.1 Introduction

24.2 Literature Review

24.3 Variables and research method

24.4 Analysis of the results

24.5 Conclusion: policy recommendation

Chapter 25. Pattern of Old-age Care in Rural China—Lessons Learned from Fieldworks in the Villages 388

25.1 Introduction

25.2 Research location and objects

25.3 Data and methods

25.4 Research results

25.5 Conclusion: policy recommendations

Chapter 26. Welfare Implications of Intergenerational Co-residence: Mutual Benefits for Older Adults and Their Children

26.1 Introduction

26.2 The impact of intergenerational co-residence on health among the elderly: mental consolation is more than physical caregiving

26.3 The impact of intergenerational co-residence on the female adult children labor force participation: elders are treasures in the family

26.4 Conclusion: policy recommendation of “bring the family back”

Chapter 27. Implementing the Universal Two-child Policy is Largely Beneficial for Facing the Serious Challenges of Population Aging in China

27.1 Introduction

27.2 The estimation and assumptions of parameters for the multistate family households projections

27.3 Impacts on population aging under different scenarios of fertility policies

27.4 Impacts on the other aspects under different scenarios of fertility policies

27.5 Policy recommendations: urge for the full implementation of “universal two-child policy”

Chapter 28. Integrate Administrations of Health, Family Planning, and Population Aging, to Promote Well-being of Billions Families

28.1 Introduction

28.2 The trend of household miniaturization and structural change

28.3 The impacts of household miniaturization on population aging and energy consumption

28.4 Policy recommendations: urge for the integration of health, family planning and population aging administrations

Closing Remarks: Further Study Prospects

Appendix 1 Data Quality Assessment of the 6th and 7th Waves of CLHLS Survey

Appendix 2 Summary Notes of the Domestic Seminars and Training Workshops

Appendix 3 Summary Notes of the International Seminars

Bibliography

3.3 Author information 

Please state details of your area of work, honors, etc. It is appreciated if authors‘ biography or CV can be provided, containing the paper publication records as well as book publication records. Please highlight the publications related with the envisaged book. 

-- The CVs of the 4 main authors (i.e editors) Yi Zeng, Jiehua Lu, Xiaoyan Lei and Xiaoming Shi are attached.

O autorze

Yi Zeng is a professor of National School of Development and honorary director of Center for Healthy Aging and Development, Peking University. He is also a professor at the Center for Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatric Division of School of Medicine, Duke University. He is a member of The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries, and a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He received his Ph.D. with Summa Cum Laude from Brussels Free University (1986) and pursued research as Post-doctoral Fellow at Princeton University (1986-87). Up to November, 2021, he has published 388 professional articles in domestic and international journals or as book chapters. He has published thirtyone academic books, including eleven books in English and 20 books in Chinese. Yi Zeng has been awarded four international academic prizes and eleven national academic prizes of China, such as: The International Union for Scientific Studies of Populations (IUSSP) 2021 Laureate which is awarded to one scholar annually worldwide, the Dorothy Thomas Prize of the Population Association of America, the Harold D. Lasswell Prize in Policy Science awarded by the journal Policy Sciences and Kluwer Academic Publishers, the best paper Award of American Journal of Public Health, the national prizes for advancement of science and technology, the highest academic honor of Peking University: "Prize for Outstanding Contributions in Sciences," and the national “Chinese Population Prize (Science and Technology).” In 2019, he received “National Medal of Outstanding Contributions” awarded by the Central Government of China.

Jiehua Lu is a professor of Department of Sociology and deputy director of Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies at Peking University. He also serves as the vice president of Chinese Population Association and of vice president of Chinese Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics. He received his Ph.D. in Demography from Peking University (1997). His research areas include demography, gerontology, economics of population, and interaction between population and environment. He has been the principal investigator for over ten key projects and published over 70 peer-reviewed journal articles, such as “Chinese Women’s Family Status: Analysis of Chinese Decennial Survey, 1990–2010,” “Determinants Affecting Longevity at County Level in China,” “Patterns of living arrangements of the elderly in Mainland China: changes, consequences and policy implications,” etc. He authored/co-authored in over ten book chapters and books, such as "Chapter 3: Changing Patterns of Marriage and Divorce in Today’s China," Isabelle and Gu, Baochang (eds.), Analyzing China's Population: Social Change in a New Demographic Era. Berlin: Springer.

Xiaoyan Lei is a professor at National School of Development and the director of Center for Healthy Aging and Development at Peking University (PKU) in China. She also serves as the deputy director of PKU Center for Human Capital and National Policy, China. She is the editor of renowned publications such as China Economic Quarterly, Journal of Economics of Aging, and Journal of Health Economics. She received her Ph.D. in Economics from University of California, Los Angeles, USA (2007). Her areas of research interests include labor economics, health economics, the economics of aging and applied econometrics. She has been awarded many prizes, such as “Chinese Ministry of Education Yangtze River Young Scholar, PKU Boya Young Scholar” (2019), “China Medical Science and Technology Second Award” (2018), “Excellent Research in Art and Social Science, Peking University” (2013–2014), etc. She has published over 40 peer-reviewed journal articles and authored/co-authored in many book chapters and books. One of her recent co-authored paper entitled “New trends in population aging and challenges for China’s sustainable development” has published in China Economic Journal in 2020. 

Xiaoming Shi is a professor and the director of the National Institute of Environmental Health (NIEH) at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). He received his MD from Anhui Medical University of China (1999) and Ph.D. in Epidemiology and Health Statistics from China CDC (2005). He joined the branch of Infectious Disease Surveillance at China CDC in 2005 and then worked as the head of the Branch of Monitoring and Evaluation, Division of Chronic Diseases Control and Community Health at China CDC. Since 2015, he was appointed as the director of NIEH at China CDC. His research has focused on the determinants of health and longevity, risk assessments of air pollution, heavy metals and other environmental exposures, etc. He has extensive experiences working with numerous chronic diseases and aging studies in Chinese populations. He has published over 190 peer-reviewed journal articles and authored/co-authored in over ten book chapters and books. He is also the editor of many renowned publications such as Global Health Journal and Journal of Environmental & Occupational Medicine.