Transport in Plants

ISBN-13: 9781461596493 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 468 str.

U. Luttge; N. Higinbotham

Opis

This book is addressed to all biologists seeking a review of the various transport processes of minerals and organic substances in plants from the level of cell organelles to the longer-distance movements in the largest trees. It is directed toward students having had some elementary physiol- ogy, but the attempt has been made to provide information of interest on the frontiers of current research. Doing this comprehensively, we wished to consider all of the points of view that appeared to be important; on the other hand, space and time were limited. Therefore, the presentation had to strike an intermediate ground between the style of a textbook giving of selected problems and a comprehensive ref- representative treatments erence book covering all ramifications. The reader will notice that the pendulum will swing more toward one and then to the other. We did not want to avoid, and we felt it was not appropriate to neglect completely our own special research interests, which led to some emphasis on certain SUbjects. The immediate origin ofthe book is the Heidelberger Taschenbuch 125 (HTB 125) Stojjtransport der Pflanzen by U. L. (1973), which in turn was preceded by an earlier work, Aktiver Transport: Kurzstreckentransport bei Pflanzen Protoplasmatologia vol. VIII17 b by U. L. (1969). At the Li- verpool Workshop on Ion Transport in 1972 organized by W. Peter An- derson, and while in a jovial and expansive mood, the authors agreed to produce an English version.

Spis treści

1 The Starting Point.- 1.1 The Flow of Matter and Energy Through a Higher Plant.- 1.2 Summarizing Comparison.- I Biophysical Background and the Substances Subject to Transport: Chapters 2 and 3.- 2 Biophysical Relations.- 2.1 Chemical Potentials.- 2.2 Electrical and Electrochemical Potentials.- 2.3 Irreversible Thermodynamics and Onsager Coefficients.- 2.4 Osmoregulation.- 2.5 Criteria for Active Transport.- 2.6 Symbols and Constants.- 2.7 Problems and Answers.- 3 The Materials of Transport.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Minerals.- 3.3 Organic Materials.- II Complications of Models by Cellular Structures: Chapters 4 to 7.- 4 The Cell Wall as a Phase for Transport.- 4.1 The Structural Basis for Transport in the Cell Wall Phase.- 4.2 Special Cases of Cell Wall Incrustation and Adcrustation.- 4.3 Apoplastic Transport.- 5 The Membranes.- 5.1 The Historical Development of Membrane Research.- 5.2 Modern Membrane Research.- 5.3 Molecular Characterization of Carriers.- 6 The Simplified Cell Models of Transport Physiology.- 6.1 The Model With Two Compartments, Outer and Inner.- 6.2 The Model With Three Compartments: Outside-Cytoplasm-Vacuole.- 6.3 Survey of Models With Active Transport at the Plasma-lemma Only and at Both Plasmalemma and Tonoplast.- 6.4 Models With Two Cytoplasmic Compartments.- 6.5 Conclusions and Outlook.- 7 Correlations Between the Fine Structure of the Cytoplasm and Transport Functions: Futher Complications of the Model.- 7.1 Observations of Transport of Matter in Membrane Bound Vesicles.- 7.2 Transport Functions of Cell Organelles.- 7.3 Gland Cells as Particular Examples.- 7.4 Transfer Cells.- III Regulation and Control of Transport Processes by Cell Metabolism: Chapters 8 to 10.- 8 Sources of Metabolic Energy for Membrane Transport Mechanisms.- 8.1 Respiration as the Energy Source for Active Transport.- 8.2 Photosynthesis as an Energy Source for Active Transport.- 9 Phytochrome and Phytohormones Affecting Membrane Transport Mechanisms.- 9.1 Phytochrome.- 9.2 Indole Acetic Acid (IAA).- 9.3 Fusicoccin (FC).- 9.4 Abscisic Acid (ABA).- 9.5 Other Phytohormones and Membrane Active Agents.- 9.6 “Aging”.- 9.7 A General Problem: Membrane Effects as Primary Actions of Phytochrome and Phytohormones?.- 10 Coupling Between Energy-Transfer Processes in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts and Transport Mechanisms at Spatially Separated Membranes.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Biochemical Modes of Coupling.- 10.3 Biophysical Modes of Coupling.- 10.4 Kinetic Correlation of Transient Phenomena and Regulation in the Steady State.- 10.5 Correlations of Electrical Fields and Growth.- IV Inter-Cellular and Inter-Organ Transport: Chapters 11 to 13.- 11 Medium-Distance Transport and Long-Distance Transport.- 11.1 The Importance of Particular Pathways for Medium-Distance and Long-Distance Transport.- 11.2 Apoplastic Transport Pathways.- 11.3 Symplastic Transport.- 11.4 Transport in Sieve Tubes.- 11.5 Concluding Remarks.- 12 Coupling of Short-Distance, Medium-Distance and Long-Distance Transport in Special Plant Organs and Interconnections Between Different Pathways of Transport.- 12.1 General Models of Roots and Leaves.- 12.2 The Model of the Root: Various Hypotheses on the Mechanism of Ion Transport From an External Medium Across the Root Into the Xylem Vessels.- 12.3 The Model of the Leaf.- 13 Transport Regulation in the Plant as a Whole.- 13.1 Comparison of Isolated Organs With Organs in the Intact Plant.- 13.2 Signals in Feedback Systems of Whole Plants.- 13.3 Particular Systems.- 13.4 Concluding Remarks.- References.