Transport Analysis

ISBN-13: 9781461344865 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 354 str.

Daniel Hershey

Opis

It has been my experience in teaching graduate and undergraduate courses that if the students are conversant with the pertinent mathematical proce dures, and can "think mathematically," there is almost no limit to their comprehension. Most courses that are considered difficult by students are either poorly taught or require a degree of mathematical sophistication that the students do not possess. In Transport Analysis, J have culled some basic momentum transport (fluid flow) and mass transport phenomena and explicitly revealed the derivation of the governing equations. There is no mystery, no omitted steps or "it can be shown" phrases that are usually the bane of the student. There are chapters that review basic calculus, vector and matrix concepts, Laplace transform operations, and finite difference calculus. Ordinary dif ferential and partial differential equations are derived and solved. This book is intended for undergraduates and graduate students in engineering, chemistry, physics, and even biology and medicine. It is also intended for my non-engineering colleagues with whom I have collaborated during our cooperative research in the life sciences. If they knew what is contained in Transport Analysis, they probably wouldn't need me. v Acknowledgments To Barbara and Michael, who helped keep me alert, happy, and ful filled. To Barbara, who deserves belated thanks for doing the drawings in E1'eryday Science. To Anne Hagedorn, thanks for doing some of the typing. To Gerry Denterlein, thanks for keeping tabs on the drawings."

Spis treści

I. Introduction.- 1. Some Mathematical Concepts.- 1.1. Elementary Transport Concepts.- 1.2. Elementary Calculus Concepts.- 1.3. Some Elementary Vector and Tensor Operations.- 1.4. Linear Operations with Functions, Vectors, and Matrices.- 1.5. Matrix Solutions of Sets of Linear Equations.- 1.6. Matrix Solutions of Linear Simultaneous Differential Equations.- Assignments.- Further Reading.- 2. Laplace Transforms.- 2.1. Definitions and Basic Operations.- 2.2. The Inverse Laplace Transform.- 2.3. Application of Laplace Transforms to Ordinary Differential Equations.- 2.4. Application of Laplace Transforms to Partial Differential Equations.- 2.5. Laplace Transforms Applied to Other Equation Forms..- 2.6. Complex Variables Applied to the Inverse Laplace Transform.- 2.7. Inverse Laplace Transforms by Integration in the Complex Plane.- 2.8. Solution of Partial Differential Equations.- 2.9. Laplace Transforms and Nonlinear Equations.- Assignments.- Further Reading.- II. Transport Analysis in Continuous Processes.- 3. Derivation of the Momentum Transport Equations.- 3.1. The Equation of Continuity (Material Balance).- 3.2. The Equations of Motion (Rate of Momentum Balance).- 3.3. Non-Newtonian Fluid Behavior Applied to the Equations of Motion.- 3.4. Generalized Representation of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Flow.- 3.5. Alternative Forms of the Equations of Motion.- Assignments.- Further Reading.- 4. Transport Analysis in Fluid Flow Phenomena.- 4.1. Flow of Fluids in Thin Films.- 4.2. Flow in Circular-Shaped Conduits.- 4.3. Flow Equations Used in Viscometry.- 4.4. Periodic and Unsteady Flow Phenomena.- 4.5. Flow in Various Geometrical Configurations.- 4.6. Macroscopic Flow, Friction Factors, and Turbulent Flow.- 4.7. Non-Newtonian Macroscopic Properties.- 4.8. Viscoelastic Non-Newtonian Properties.- 4.9. Macroscopic Two-Phase Flow (Solid-Liquid).- 4.10. Boundary Layer Flow Analysis.- Assignments.- Further Reading.- 5. Derivation of the Mass Transport Equations.- 5.1. Governing Equation for Unsteady-State Diffusional Mass Transport with Chemical Reaction and Convective Flow.- 5.2. Penetration Theories of Mass Transport.- 5.3. Multicomponent and Turbulent Convection Mass Transport.- 5.4. Some Macroscopic Transport Approaches.- Assignments.- Further Reading.- 6. Transport Analysis in Mass Transport Phenomena.- 6.1. Diffusion Phenomena.- 6.2. Unsteady-State One-Dimensional Diffusion.- 6.3. Some More Diffusion Problems Solved by Laplace Transform Techniques.- 6.4. Some Diffusion Problems Solved by the Separation of Variables Technique.- 6.5. Moving-Front Diffusion Models.- 6.6. Diffusion and Phase Changes.- 6.7. Diffusion with a Variable Diffusion Coefficient.- 6.8. Chemical Kinetics.- 6.9. Diffusion with Chemical Reaction.- 6.10. Complex Chemical Reactions in Reactors (Diffusion Is Negligible).- 6.11. Diffusion, Convection, and Chemical Reaction in Thin Films (Wetted-Wall Columns).- 6.12. Tubular Chemical Reactors.- 6.13. Macroscopic Analysis of Plug Flow Tubular Reactors..- 6.14. Unsteady-State Response of Chemical Reactors.- 6.15. Miscellaneous Reactor Models.- Assignments.- Further Reading.- III. Transport Analysis in Discrete Processes.- 7. Finite Difference Calculus.- 7.1. Elementary Difference Operations.- 7.2. Interpolation and Extrapolation with Finite Differences..- 7.3. The Difference Operator E.- 7.4. Finite Difference Integration.- 7.5. Summation of Infinite Series by Finite Integration.- 7.6. Finite Difference Integration Techniques.- 7.7. Solutions of First-Order Finite Difference Equations.- 7.8. Solutions of Higher-Order Linear Difference Equations.- 7.9. Simultaneous Difference Equations.- 7.10. Nonlinear Difference Equations of Higher Order.- Assignments.- Further Reading.- 8. Transport Analysis in Cascaded Systems.- 8.1. Extraction.- 8.2. Stripping Columns.- 8.3. Unsteady-State Finite Difference Analysis.- 8.4. Cascaded Chemical Reactors at Steady State.- 8.5. Stirred Tank Reactors with Complex Chemical Reactions (Unsteady State).- 8.6. Distillation Columns (Nonlinear Difference Equations).- 8.7. Gas-Liquid Plate Reactors.- 8.8. Difference Equations from Differential Equations.- Assignments.- Further Reading.