2. Conceptual Tools for a Decolonising, Intersectional, Transnational LGBT Activism.
2.1 NGOs and Transnational Advocacy Networks.
2.2 Colonialism, Postcolonialism, and Decoloniality
2.3 Sexualities, Normativities, and Nationalisms
2.4 Solidarity and Intersectionality
2.5 The Transformative Potential of Transnational LGBT Activism
3. Unpacking the Colonial Baggage of British Imperial Sexual Discourses
3.1 Problematising and Criminalising Same-Sex Sexuality in Pre-twentieth Century Western Europe
3.2 Reproducing Race and Sexuality in the Orient
3.3 Implementation and Legacy of Colonial Sodomy Laws
3.4 Illuminating the Impact of Colonial Legacies on LGBT issues in Contemporary International Relations
4. Contemporary Context of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in International Politics
4.1 Contemporary International Landscape
4.2 LGBT Rights at the United Nations
4.3 Uganda's Anti-Homosexuality Act (2014): Illustrating International Interactions and Tensions with LGBT Rights
4.4 Homophobia, Homonationalism, and Pinkwashing Modernity: Highlighting Contemporary Complexities
5. Mapping the UK-Based NGO Landscape Engaged in Transnational LGBT Activism
5.1 Introducing UK-Based NGOs Engaged in Transnational LGBT Activism
5.2 Comparative Funding Issues for NGOs
5.3 Mapping the Activism Strategies Employed by UK-Based NGOs
5.4 Assessing Cooperation and Coherency in UK-Based Transnational LGBT Activism
5.5 Boycotting Brunei
6. UK Governmental Interventions in Transnational LGBT Activism
6.1 All Party Parliamentary Group on Global LBGT Rights
6.2 Foreign and Commonwealth Office
6.3 Department for International Development
6.4 Aid Conditionality
6.5 Challenges and Opportunities for Future UK-Based Engagements
7. Navigating the Intersections of Colonial Legacies and LGBT Lives
7.1 Contemporary Complexities of Colonial Sodomy Laws
7.2 LGBT Rights Within the Commonwealth of Nations
7.3 LGBT Asylum
7.4 LGBT Lives, Intersectionality, and Coloniality
8. Conclusion
Appendix: Methodology
Matthew Farmer is an Independent Researcher based in Lancaster, UK. He received his PhD in International Relations from Lancaster University analysing the role of UK-based NGOs in transnational LGBT activism and solidarity.
This book contributes an analysis of UK-based non-governmental organisations engaged in transnational lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT) activism, within a broader recognition of the complexities that British colonial legacies perpetuate in contemporary international relations. From this analysis, the book suggests that greater engagement with intersectional and decolonial approaches to transnational activism would allow for a more transformative solidarity that challenges the broader impacts of coloniality on LGBT people’s lives globally. Case studies are used to explore UK actors’ participation in the complexities of contemporary transnational LGBT activism, including activist responses to developments in Brunei between 2014 and 2019, and the use of LGBT aid conditionality by Western governments. Activist engagements with legacies of British colonialism are also explored, including a focus on ‘sodomy laws’ and the Commonwealth, as well as the challenges faced by LGBT people seeking asylum in the UK.
Matthew Farmer holds a PhD in International Relations from Lancaster University. He is currently working as an Independent Researcher based in Lancaster, UK.