Transcriptional and Translational Regulation of Stem Cells

ISBN-13: 9789400766204 / Angielski / Twarda / 2013 / 371 str.

Gary Hime;Helen Abud

Opis

This volume describes the latest findings on transcriptional and translational regulation of stem cells. Both transcriptional activators and repressors have been shown to be crucial for the maintenance of the stem cell state. A key element of stem cell maintenance is repression of differentiation factors or developmental genes - achieved transcriptionally, epigenetically by the Polycomb complex, and post-transcriptionally by RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs. This volume takes two approaches to this topic - (1) illustrating the general principles outlined above through a series of different stem cell examples - embryonic, iPS and adult stem cells, and (2) describing several molecular families that have been shown to have roles in regulation of multiple stem cell populations.

Spis treści

1. The stem cell state; Gary R. Hime and Helen E. Abud

2. Induction of pluripotency; Corey Heffernan, Jun Liu, Huseyin Sumer, Luis F. Malaver-Ortega, Rajneesh Verma, Edmund Carvalho and Paul J. Verma

Model stem cell systems

(A) Invertebrate

3. Germline stem cells and their regulation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans; Aaron Kershner, Sarah L. Crittenden, Kyle Friend, Erika B. Sorensen, Douglas F. Porter and Judith Kimble

4. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of Drosophila germline stem cells and their differentiating progeny; Helen White-Cooper and Simona Caporilli

5. Stem cells in the Drosophila digestive system; Xiankun Zeng, Chhavi Chauhan, and Steven X. Hou

6. Mechanisms of Asymmetric Progenitor Divisions in the Drosophila Central Nervous System; Rita Sousa-Nunes and W. Gregory Somers

(B) Vertebrate

7. Transcriptional / Translational Regulation of Mammalian Spermatogenic Stem Cells; Cathryn Hogarth

8. Transcriptional Regulation and Specification of Neural Stem Cells; Kimberly J. Christie, Ben Emery, Mark Denham, Helena Bujalka, Holly S. Cate and Ann M. Turnley

9. Transcriptional Control of Epidermal Stem Cells; Briana Lee and Xing Dai

10. Regulation of intestinal stem cells by Wnt and Notch signalling; Katja Horvay and Helen E. Abud

11. Transcriptional regulation of haematopoietic stem cells; Adam C. Wilkinson and Berthold Göttgens

12. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation; David Cook and Paul Genever

Molecular families implicated in stem cell regulation

13. The Musashi family of RNA binding proteins: Master regulators of multiple stem cell populations; Jessie M. Sutherland, Eileen A. McLaughlin, Gary R. Hime and Nicole A. Siddall

14. JAK-STAT signalling in stem cells; Rachel R. Stine and Erika L. Matunis

15. Myc in Stem Cell Behaviour: insights from Drosophila; Leonie M. Quinn, Julie Secombe and Gary R. Hime

16. The Role of Nuclear Receptors in Embryonic Stem Cells; Qin Wang and Austin J. Cooney

17. Epigenetic regulation of stem cells; Anton Wutz

18. Regulation of stem cell populations by microRNAs; Julie Mathieu and Hannele Ruohola-Baker

19. Myb and the Regulation of stem cells in the Intestine and Brain: A Tale of Two Niches; Jordane Malaterre, Lloyd Pereira and Robert G. Ramsay

Index

Blurb

Stem cells are central to the development and homeostasis of metazoan tissues and play roles at multiple times within a diversity of organs during the lifetime of an animal. A key goal of regenerative medicine is the in vivo repair of organs damaged by disease or injury.  In order to facilitate this goal we need to understand how stem cells are generated, what factors maintain them in their respective tissues and how their differentiation is regulated. In this volume, leading researchers discuss the nature of stem cells and pluripotency and how this state can be experimentally induced.  Stem cell maintenance, proliferation and differentiation is under tight regulation as excess stem cell proliferation could facilitate tumour formation and conversely loss of stem cells or failure of  differentiation could disrupt tissue homeostasis or  repair. Hence, stem cells are regulated by multiple layers of molecular control and this volume discusses transcriptional, translational, epigenetic, cell signalling and microRNA modalities that affect stem cell behaviour. Many of the underlying key principles of stem cell biology were discovered by genetic analysis of invertebrate systems and chapters in this volume describe regulation of the germline in C. elegans and in the digestive system, central nervous system and germline of Drosophila. The molecular processes that regulate regenerative organ systems from all three of the vertebrate germ layers are described with emphasis on the male germline, nervous system, epidermis, intestine, haematopoietic system and derivatives of the mesoderm. Several chapters also focus on molecular families that have been implicated in controlling a range of stem cell types including the JAK-STAT, Wnt and  Notch signalling pathways; Myc, Myb and nuclear receptor transcriptional regulators; the Musashi family of RNA-binding proteins; microRNAs and epigenetic regulators.

This volume will provide access to the current state of research in these rapidly evolving areas of stem cell biology to the student, educator or researcher.