Transcriptional and Epigenetic Mechanisms Regulating Normal and Aberrant Blood Cell Development

ISBN-13: 9783642451973 / Angielski / Twarda / 2014 / 416 str.

Constanze Bonifer; Peter Cockerill

Opis

To tightly control the enormous proliferative potential of developing blood cells, an intricately balanced signaling and transcription network has evolved that ensures that the different cell types are formed at the right time and in the right numbers. Intricate regulatory mechanisms ensure that blood cells function properly and have a determined life span. Moreover, in the adaptive immune system, long-lived memory cells have evolved that ensure that when pathogens have been seen once they will never cause a problem again. In this book we will therefore make a journey from asking how more primitive organisms use the epigenetic regulatory machinery to balance growth with differentiation control towards digging deep into what controls the function of specialized cells of the human immune system.

Spis treści

Preface.- Introduction.- The epigenetic regulatory machinery by Constanze Bonifer and Peter N. Cockerill.- Non-mammalian hematopoiesis.- What can we learn from flies: Epigenetic mechanisms regulating blood cell development in Drosophila by Paul Badenhorst.- Epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms regulating blood cell development in zebrafish by Xiaoying Bai.- Epigenetic mechanisms regulating mammalian hematopoietic stem cell development and function.- Epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms regulating the development of the hematopoietic system in mammals by Maud Fleury, Flor M. Perez-Campo, Guilherme Costa, Georges Lacaud and Valerie Kouskoff.- Polycomb complexes: chromatin regulators required for cell diversity and tissue homeostasis by Miguel Vidal.- The role of polycomb group proteins in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and leukemogenesis by Vincent van den Boom, Hein Schepers, Annet Z. Brouwers-Vos,  and Jan Jacob Schuringa.- Role of the Trithorax (MLL) – HOX axis in HSC development, function and leukaemia by Robert Slany.- Role of DNA methyltransferases and DNA methylation in cell fate decisions during blood cell development and leukemia by Grant  A. Challen and Jenny J. Trowbridge.- Epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms regulating cell fate decisions and blood cell lineage development.- Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in the development of myeloid cells: normal and diseased myelopoiesis by Peter Laslo and Tomas Stopka.- The molecular basis of normal Erythroid/Megakaryocyte development and mechanisms of epigenetic/transcriptional deregulation leading to erythroleukemia and thalassemia by Douglas Vernimmen.- The molecular basis of T cell development and how epigenetic/transcriptional deregulation leads to T-ALL by Will Bailis and Warren Pear.- Epigenetic control of T cell receptor locus rearrangements in normal and aberrant conditions by Beatriz del Blanco, Úrsula Angulo, and Cristina Hernández-Munain.- The molecular basis of B cell development and the role of deregulated transcription and epigenetics in leukaemia and lymphoma by Christopher M. Kirkham, James N. Scott, Joan Boyes and Sarah Bevington.- Epigenetic control of immune cell function.- Epigenetic control of immune T cell memory by Atsushi Onodera, Damon J. Tumes, and Toshinori Nakayama.- The macrophage epigenome and the control of inflammatory gene expression by Sara Polletti, Alessia Curina, Gioacchino Natoli and Serena Ghisletti.- Subject index.

Blurb

In recent years, great progress has been made in the identification of the molecular players involved in the epigenetic control of gene expression during development. The work of many laboratories has established that regulating the interplay of transcription factors with chromatin components is the major driver of cellular differentiation. Because of their single cell nature and ease of purification, much of what we have learnt about these processes in animals has been delivered based on cellular models within the hematopoietic system. The blood cell system evolved from a few simple cell types in more primitive organisms that provide oxygen transport and carry out phagocytosis into the complex hematopoietic system of mammals, containing many specialized cells types with vastly different functions, such as B cells, T cells, granulocytes, macrophages, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes. This book describes the intricate processes involved in the development of blood cells across a range of organisms from drosophila and fish at one end, and mammals at the other end. It contains individual chapters devoted to describing the epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms regulating hematopoiesis in the different organisms and orchestrating the differentiation of a wide variety of cell types. Different chapters describe the function of lymphocytes, macrophages and red blood cells and the molecular players, i.e. transcription factors and the epigenetic regulatory machinery driving their differentiation. Most importantly, the book not only describes normal processes, such as the rearrangements of antigen receptor genes, and the regulation of genes by various mechanisms such as DNA methylation, but also outlines what happens when these processes function abnormally to precipitate diseases such as leukemia and immune disorders.