1. Introduction; 2. Conceptual approaches to data protection in the European Union and the United States; 3. The European Union's Obligations to safeguard the fundamental right to data protection extraterritorially; 4. Limits that public international law poses on the European Union safeguarding the fundamental right to data protection extraterritorially; 5. Ways to mitigate problematic jurisdictional overreach; 6. The reach of European Union data protection law in transatlantic data transfers for counter-terrorism purposes; 7. Data protection and the free flow of information; 8. Enabling transatlantic trade and protecting privacy through cross-border data transfer agreements; 9. The normative external effects of the European Union's exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction in data protection law; 10. Conclusion: enduring territorialism and fundamental rights.