Traffic and Granular Flow ' 07

ISBN-13: 9783540770732 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 758 str.

Cécile Appert-Rolland;François Chevoir;Philippe Gondret

Opis

The Tra?c and Granular Flow 07 conference was the seventh of a series of international conferences that started in 1995 in Julic ] h (Germany). Since then, the conference took place in Duisburg (1997), Stuttgart (1999), Nagoya (2001), Delft (2003) and Berlin (2005). The aim of TGF conferences is to facilitate the exchanges between various ?elds dealing with transport. When the conference was created, the ?elds that were represented were road tra?c and granular ?ow hence the name of the series. Since then, the scope of the conference has been enlarged to include in particular collective motion in biology (molecular motors), a subject which turns out to have many connections with the two original ones. Transversal themes have emerged. For TGF07, a session was speci?cally devoted to the subject of networks. An important theme is also the one of self-propelled particles. It ranges from granular ?ows with anisotropic grains, to collective motion of animals, and to pedestrian tra?c. We were very happy to organize the 2007 occurrence of TGF in Orsay (France), at the University Paris-Sud. The conference was organized mainly by the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics (LPT), with the help of the Labo- tory FAST (Fluides, Automatique et Syst emes Thermiques) these two la- ratories are both associated to the CNRS (Centre National pour la Recherche Scienti?que) and of the GARIG Group at INRETS."

Spis treści

Traffic.- Modelling of Traffic Flow from an Engineer’s Perspective.- Cellular Automaton Approach to Highway Traffic: What do we Know?.- Replications in Stochastic Traffic Flow Models: Incremental Method to Determine Sufficient Number of Runs.- Capacity and Capacity Drop of a Revolving Door.- Risk Index Modeling for Real-Time Motorway Traffic Crash Prediction.- Colliding Particles: Beyond Accident-Free Car Following Models.- Dynamic First-Order Modeling of Phase-Transition Probabilities.- Traffic Dynamics on a Rotary.- Effect of Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicles on Phase Transition in a Mixture with Manual Vehicles.- Calibration of Car-Following Models Using Floating Car Data.- A Queueing Theory Approach for a Multi-Speed Exclusion Process.- A Stochastic Macroscopic Traffic Model Devoid of Diffusion.- A Multiclass Car-Following Rule Based on the LWR Model.- A Cross Entropy Based Multi-Agent Approach to Traffic Assignment Problems.- Handling of Contacts in Crowd Motion Simulations.- Optimal Velocity Model Via Considering Multi-Velocity Difference Ahead.- Empirical Data for Pedestrian Flow Through Bottlenecks.- Modeling Synchronized Flow at Highway Bottlenecks.- Modeling Lane-Changing Decisions with MOBIL.- Kinetic Derivation for a Traffic Flow Model.- Qualitative Change of Car-Following Behavior Observed in Real Traffic.- Phase Transition Induced by Homogeneous Initial Distribution of Cars.- Similarity Between Temporal and Spatial Structures in Pattern Formation of Dissipative Non-Equilibrium System.- Pattern Formation in Traffic Microscopic Model.- Stability of Flow on a Ring with Three Links.- Improving Pedestrian Micro-Simulations with Event Steps.- Road Traffic Models Using Petri Nets and Minplus Algebra.- Vehicular Traffic Flow at a Non-Signalised Intersection.- Traffic Anticipation Effect in the Lattice Hydrodynamic Model.- Is the Nearest Neighbor Distribution Enough to Describe the Statistical Behavior of a Domain System?.- Statistical Properties of Disordered Driven Lattice Gases with Open Boundaries.- Control of Traffic Congestion in the Modified Coupled Map Car-Following Model Based on Intelligent Transportation System.- Generic Driving Behavior Modeling by Differential Game Theory.- A Model for City Traffic.- Traffic Behaviors of Mixed Bicycle System in the Multi-Value Cellular Automata Model.- Empirical Differences Between Time Mean Speed and Space Mean Speed.- Anisotropy and Stabilization of Traffic Flow in Extended Cooperative Driving Lattice Hydrodynamic Models Based on Backward-Looking Effect.- Complex Fundamental Diagram of Traffic Flow in the Deep Lefortovo Tunnel (Moscow).- Three-Frame Algorithm of Car Path Reconstruction from Airborne Traffic Data.- Vehicular Motion and Traffic Breakdown: Evaluation of Energy Balance.- Detailed Data of Traffic Jam Experiment.- Prediction Accuracy of Evacuation Times for High-Rise Buildings and Simple Geometries by Using Different Software-Tools.- Statistical Approach to Traffic Flow.- A Public Conveyance Model and Analysis on Clustering of Vehicles.- Modelling and Simulating Several Time-Delay Mechanisms in Human and Automated Driving.- Multi-Class First Order Traffic Flow Modeling.- Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Traffic Flow.- Phase Transitions and Even/Odd Effects in Asymmetric Exclusion Models.- Simulation and Mean Field Analysis on Pedestrian Dynamics Around an Exit.- A Density-Dependent NaSch Model for Traffic Flow Controlled by a Traffic Light.- Granular Matter.- Large-Scale Collective Behavior of Swimming Microorganisms at High Concentrations.- Flow and Jamming of Granular Matter Through an Orifice.- A Fluctuating Energy Model for Dense Granular Flows.- Influence of Particle Shape on Shear Stress in Granular Media.- Motion of an Intruder Through a Two Dimensional Disordered Granular Medium.- Silo Collapse: An Experimental Study.- Rough Cylindrical Object Immersed in a Granular Stream of Hard Disks.- Stability and Jamming Transition in Hard Granular Materials: Algebraic Graph Theory.- Vertical Granular Transport in a Vibrated U-Tube.- Dynamics of Dissipative System with Asymmetric Interaction and N-Body Problem for the Emergence of Moving Cluster.- Leidenfrost Granular Flows.- Granular Rayleigh-Taylor Instability.- Morphology of Polydisperse Granular Media.- Kinetic Energy Fluctuations and Diffusivity in a 2D Vibrated Granular Packing.- Modelling and Simulation of a Maze-Forming Process in Granular-Fluid Systems.- Description of Wire-Reinforced Geomaterials by Numerical Discrete Experiments.- Granular Flow Under the Action of Centrifugal Force: A Critical Dynamic Friction Coefficient.- Interfacial Instability of a Confined Suspension Under Oscillating Shear.- Pattern Formation in Slowly Drained Granular-Fluid Systems.- Emerging Stripe Patterns in Drying Suspension Droplets.- Behaviour of Railway Ballast Under Cycling Loading.- Penetration of a Projectile by Impact into a Granular Medium.- Rheological Transition in Granular Media.- Stress Transmission in a Multi-Phase Granular Packing.- Molecular Motors and Motion in Biology.- Non-Equilibrium Collective Transport on Molecular Highways.- Traffic of Molecular Motors: From Theory to Experiments.- Numerical Investigations on Coupling of Asymmetric Exclusion Process with Zero Range Process.- Traffic by Small Teams of Molecular Motors.- Traffic Flow on Ant Trails: Empirical Results vs. Theoretical Predictions.- Networks.- Modeling Metropolis Public Transport.- Attack Vulnerability of Public Transport Networks.- Traffic Dynamics Based on Local Routing Strategy in a Weighted Scale-Free Network.- Performance Evaluation of VANET Under Realistic Vehicular Traffic Assumption.- Packet Flow and its Temporal Properties in the Internet.

Blurb

This book covers several research fields, all of which deal with transport. Three main topics are treated: road traffic, granular matter, and biological transport. Different points of view, i.e. modelling, simulations, experiments, and phenomenological observations, are considered. Sub-topics include: highway or urban vehicular traffic (dynamics of traffic, macro/micro modelling, measurements, data analysis, security issues, psychological issues),  pedestrian traffic, animal traffic (e.g. social insects), collective motion in biological systems (molecular motors...), granular flow (dense flows, intermittent flows, solid/liquid transition, jamming, force networks, fluid and solid friction), networks (biological networks, urban traffic, the internet, vulnerability of networks, optimal transport networks) and cellular automata applied to the various aforementioned fields.