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Traffic Safety
ISBN-13: 9781786300300 / Angielski / Twarda / 2016 / 418 str.
Traffic Safety
ISBN-13: 9781786300300 / Angielski / Twarda / 2016 / 418 str.
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Transport systems are facing an impossible dilemma: satisfy an increasing demand for mobility of people and goods, while decreasing their fossil-energy requirements and preserving the environment. Additionally, transport has an opportunity to evolve in a changing world, with new services, technologies but also new requirements (fast delivery, reliability, improved accessibility). The subject of traffic is organized into two separate but complementary volumes: Volume 3 on Traffic Management and Volume 4 on Traffic Safety. Traffic Safety, Volume 4 of the Research for Innovative Transports Set, presents a collection of updated papers from the TRA 2014 Conference, highlighting the diversity of research in this field. Theoretical chapters and practical case studies address topics such as road safety management and policies, accident analysis and modeling, vulnerable road users' safety, road infrastructure safety, ITS and railway safety.
Acknowledgments xvii
Preface xix
Introduction xxiii
George YANNIS and Simon COHEN
Part 1. Road Safety Policy 1
Chapter 1. Analysis of Road Safety Management Systems in Europe 3
Nicole MUHLRAD, Gilles VALLET, Ilona BUTLER, Victoria GITELMAN, Etti DOVEH, Emmanuelle DUPONT, Heike MARTENSEN, Pete THOMAS, Rachel TALBOT, Eleonora PAPADIMITRIOU, George YANNIS, Luca PERSIA, Gabriele GIUSTINIANI, Klaus MACHATA and Charlotte BAX
1.1. Introduction 3
1.2. Methodology 4
1.3. Qualitative analyses of road safety management systems in Europe 7
1.4. Quantitative analyses 11
1.5. Conclusion 15
1.6. Key messages and recommendations 15
1.7. Acknowledgments 16
1.8. Bibliography 17
Chapter 2. Conceptualizing Road Safety Management through a Territorialized Complex System: Context and Goals 19
Thierry SAINT–GÉRAND, Mohand MEDJKANE, Abdelkrim BENSAID, Dominique FLEURY, Jean–François PEYTAVIN, Eliane PROPECK–ZIMMERMANN and Maroua BOUZID
2.1. Introduction 19
2.2. Methodological challenge: integration of different road safety concepts into territorial complex system modeling 20
2.3. A practical example: ZIVAG 27
2.4. Conclusion and followings 30
2.5. Bibliography 32
Chapter 3. Development of the European Road Safety Knowledge System 35
George YANNIS, Pete THOMAS, Nicole MUHLRAD, Heike MARTENSEN, Emmanuelle DUPONT, Letty AARTS, Petros EVGENIKOS and Eleonora PAPADIMITRIOU
3.1. Introduction 35
3.2. Data/knowledge collecting and processing 37
3.3. Key road safety analyses and summaries 42
3.4. Conclusion and next steps 48
3.5. Acknowledgments 49
3.6. Bibliography 49
Part 2. Accident Analysis and Modeling 51
Chapter 4. Structural Time Series Modeling of the Number of Fatalities in Poland in Relation to Economic Factors 53
Ruth BERGEL–HAYAT and Joanna ZUKOWSKA
4.1. Introduction 53
4.2. Current state of knowledge 56
4.3. Methodology 57
4.4. The data 58
4.5. Results 65
4.6. Discussion 66
4.7. Conclusion and outlook 66
4.8. Bibliography 67
Chapter 5. Risk of Road Traffic Injuries for Pedestrians, Cyclists, Car Occupants and Powered Two–Wheel Users, based on a Road Trauma Registry and Travel Surveys, Rhône, France 69
Stéphanie BLAIZOT, Francis PAPON, Mohamed MOULOUD HADDAK and Emmanuelle AMOROS
5.1. Introduction 69
5.2. Material and methods 70
5.3. Results and interpretation 73
5.4. Discussion and conclusions 81
5.5. Acknowledgments 83
5.6. Bibliography 83
Chapter 6. Development of Safety Performance Functions for Two–Lane Rural First–Class Main Roads in Hungary 87
Attila BORSOS, John N. IVAN and Gyula OROSZ
6.1. Introduction 87
6.2. Literature review 88
6.3. General overview of first–class main roads 89
6.4. Data collection and segmentation 91
6.5. Modeling 92
6.6. Discussion and conclusions 98
6.7. Acknowledgments 99
6.8. Bibliography 99
Part 3. Vulnerable Road Users Safety 101
Chapter 7. Mobility and Safety of Powered Two–Wheelers in OECD Countries 103
Pierre VAN ELSLANDE, Veronique FEYPELL–DE LA BEAUMELLE, James HOLGATE, Kris REDANT, Hélène DE SOLÈRE, Dimitris MARGARITIS, George YANNIS, Eleonora PAPADIMITRIOU, Saskia DE CRAEN, Lars INGE HASLIE, Juan MUGUIRO and Per–Olov GRUMMAS GRANSTRÖM
7.1. Introduction 103
7.2. Mobility and safety figures of PTWs 105
7.3. Contributory factors of PTW crashes 108
7.4. Toward an integrated road safety strategy for PTW 109
7.5. Measures for PTW safety improvement 111
7.6. Key messages and recommendations 113
7.7. Bibliography 115
Chapter 8. Comparison of Car Drivers and Motorcyclists Drink Driving in 19 Countries: Results from the SARTRE 4 Survey 119
Julien CESTAC, Cécile BARBIER, Gian–Marco SARDI, Richard FREEMAN, Sami KRAÏEM and Jean–Pascal ASSAILLY
8.1. Introduction 119
8.2. Method 120
8.3. Results 122
8.4. Discussion 126
8.5. Acknowledgments 127
8.6. Bibliography 128
Chapter 9. Trajectories of Multiple People in Crowds Using Laser Range Scanner 131
Ladji ADIAVIAKOYE, Patrick PLAINCHAULT, Marc BOURCERIE and Jean–Michel AUBERLET
9.1. Introduction 131
9.2. Approach 132
9.3. Detection 137
9.4. Multiple tracking 139
9.5. Experimental results 140
9.6. Conclusions 142
9.7. Bibliography 142
Chapter 10. Safety of Urban Cycling: A Study on Perceived and Actual Dangers 145
Anita GRASER, Michael ALEKSA, Markus STRAUB, Peter SALEH, Stephan WITTMANN and Gernot LENZ
10.1. State of urban cycling 145
10.2. Perceived safety of urban cycling 148
10.3. The Austrian accident database 151
10.4. Comparison of perceived safety and recorded accidents 153
10.5. Conclusion and outlook 157
10.6. Acknowledgments 158
10.7. Bibliography 158
Part 4. Road Infrastructure Safety 161
Chapter 11. Speed Distribution and Traffic Safety Measures 163
Anna VADEBY and Åsa FORSMAN
11.1. Introduction and aim of the study 163
11.2. Method 165
11.3. Results 167
11.4. Discussion 173
11.5. Acknowledgments 175
11.6. Bibliography 175
Chapter 12. Ex–ante Assessment of a Speed Limit Reducing Operation A Data–driven Approach 177
Maurice ARON, Régine SEIDOWSKY and Simon COHEN
12.1. Introduction 177
12.2. Method for predicting the injury or fatality accident count 178
12.3. The part of the ALLEGRO motorway network concerned with speed limit reduction 183
12.4. Ex–ante assessment results of the speed decrease in the ALLEGRO motorway network 184
12.5. The threefold validation of the approach 190
12.6. Conclusions 192
12.7. Appendix: relationships between injury accidents and traffic conditions estimated from the Marius network 193
12.8. Bibliography 197
Chapter 13. Development of a Guideline for the Selection of Vehicle Restraint Systems Identification of the Key Selection Parameters 199
Francesca La TORRE, Ceki ERGINBAS, Robert THOMSON, Giuseppina AMATO, Bine PENGAL, Peter SALEH, Chris BRITTON and Kris REDANT
13.1. Introduction 199
13.2. Objectives of the first work package of the SAVeRS project 201
13.3. Collation and examination of national guidelines and standards 201
13.4. Collation and examination of published literature 204
13.5. Conclusions 211
13.6. Acknowledgments 212
13.7. Follow–up 212
13.8. Bibliography 213
Chapter 14. For the Vision of Zero Accidents at Intersections : A Challenge between Road Safety and Capacity 217
Jean Emmanuel BAKABA and Jörg ORTLEPP
14.1. Introduction 217
14.2. Traffic turning left at signal–controlled intersections 218
14.3. Recommendations 230
14.4. Conclusion 231
14.5. Bibliography 232
Chapter 15. Safety Inspection and Management of the Road Network in Operation 233
Salvatore CAFISO, Alessandro DI GRAZIANO, Grazia LA CAVA and Giuseppina PAPPALARDO
15.1. Introduction 233
15.2. Road safety inspection tools in Europe 235
15.3. Design of new software tools for road inspection 239
15.4. Case study 246
15.5. Conclusion 248
15.6. Bibliography 248
Part 5. ITS and Safety 251
Chapter 16. Improving Safety and Mobility of Vulnerable Road Users Through ITS Applications 253
Johan SCHOLLIERS, Daniel BELL, Andrew MORRIS, Alejandra Beatriz GARCÍA MELÉNDEZ and Oscar Martin PEREZ
16.1. Introduction 253
16.2. Methodology 254
16.3. Accident data analysis and identification of critical scenarios 256
16.4. User needs analysis 258
16.5. ITS applications for the critical scenarios and user needs 260
16.6. Results 260
16.7. Conclusions 265
16.8. Acknowledgments 268
16.9. Bibliography 268
Chapter 17. Experimentation with the PRESERVE VSS and the Score@F System 271
Rim MOALLA, Brigitte LONC, Gerard SEGARRA, Marcello LAGUNA, Panagiotis PAPADIMITRATOS, Jonathan PETIT and Houda LABIOD
17.1. Introduction 271
17.2. Test methodology 273
17.3. Performance indicators 274
17.4. Test environment 274
17.5. Test case description 278
17.6. Test results 281
17.7. Conclusion 281
17.8. Acknowledgments 282
17.9. Bibliography 282
Chapter 18. Safety Bus Routing for the Transportation of Pupils to School 283
Eleni CHALKIA, Josep Maria SALANOVA GRAU, Evangelos BEKIARIS, Georgia AYFANDOPOULOU, Chiara FERARINI and Evangelos MITSAKIS
18.1. Introduction 283
18.2. The school bus routing problem 284
18.3. Methodology for solving the SBRP in SAFEWAY2SCHOOL 285
18.4. Application to Thessaloniki 294
18.5. Conclusions 297
18.6. Acknowledgments 298
18.7. Bibliography 298
Chapter 19. Spreading Awareness of Traffic Safety through Web Application 301
Miha AMBRO , Jernej KORIN EK and Ivan PREBIL
19.1. Introduction 301
19.2. Current state of traffic accident data in Slovenia 302
19.3. Identification of conflict points 307
19.4. Application structure 308
19.5. Use of the web application 312
19.6. Conclusion 315
19.7. Acknowledgments 316
19.8. Bibliography 316
Part 6. Railway Safety 317
Chapter 20. Overview of Freight Train Derailments in the EU: Causes, Impacts, Prevention and Mitigation Measures 319
Cristian ULIANOV, François DEFOSSEZ, Gordana VASI FRANKLIN and Mark ROBINSON
20.1. Introduction 319
20.2. Research methodology 320
20.3. Results and discussion 322
20.4. Conclusions and recommendations 334
20.5. Acknowledgment 335
20.6. Bibliography 335
Chapter 21. A Risk Assessment Tool for Public Transportation 337
Andrea SOEHNCHEN and Mihai BARCANESCU
21.1. Security a growing concern for Public Transport operators 337
21.2. The risk assessment procedure 338
21.3. Conclusions 345
21.4. Acknowledgments 346
21.5. Bibliography 346
Chapter 22. The GETAWAY Project Improving Passenger Evacuation Techniques in Railway Stations (and Other Transport Hubs) 347
Paul BRYANT and Christos GIACHRITSIS
22.1. Introduction 347
22.2. External factors 349
22.3. Objectives of the GETAWAY project 350
22.4. The GETAWAY system concept 351
22.5. The GETAWAY–IADSS development 354
22.6. The Active Dynamic Signage System (ADSS) 355
22.7. Fire Detection System (FDS) development 356
22.8. CCTV Analysis Engine (CAE) 357
22.9. Decision Engine (DE) and Evacuation Simulation Engine (ESE) 357
22.10. The level of IADSS application 358
22.11. Evaluation of the GETAWAY system 359
22.12. Conclusion 363
22.13. Acknowledgments 364
22.14. Bibliography 364
Chapter 23. Interpretive Structural Modeling of Security Systems for Better Security Management in Railways 367
Anoop SRIVASTAVA, Sanjeev SWAMI and Devender BANWET
23.1. Introduction 367
23.2. Complexity of railway systems 368
23.3. Nominal Group Technique (NGT) 369
23.4. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) 370
23.5. Policy implications 376
23.6. Conclusions and avenues for future research 376
23.7. Acknowledgments 377
23.8. Bibliography 377
List of Authors 379
Index 387
George Yannis is Professor in traffic safety and management and head of the department of Transportation Planning and Engineering of the School of Civil Engineering at National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) in Greece.? He has contributed extensively in several research projects and scientific committees of the European Commission and other international organisations (UN/ECE, OECD, WHO, CEDR, ERF, ETSC), having published more than 350 scientific papers (110 in scientific journals) widely cited worldwide.
Simon Cohen is senior researcher at IFSTTAR and Professor at Ecole des Ponts ParisTech in France. He is director of the French Abertis chair in transport infrastructure management. Much of his career has been in the field of transportation research. His work focuses mainly on the area of advanced traffic management and intelligent transport systems (ITS) for road networks.
Bernard Jacob, (Set Co–ordinator): Chair of the Programme Committee of TRA2014, is deputy scientific director for transport, infrastructures and safety with IFSTTAR. His research works are in bridge and road safety, traffic loads on bridges, heavy vehicles and weigh–in–motion. He is Professor at Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l′Etat in France, and the President of the International Society for WIM (ISWIM).
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