Tourism and National Parks: International Perspectives on Development, Histories and Change

ISBN-13: 9780415471565 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 376 str.

Frost Warwick

Opis

In 1872 Yellowstone was established as a National Park. The name caught the public's imagination and by the close of the century, other National Parks had been declared, not only in the USA, but also in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Yet as it has spread, the concept has evolved and diversified. In the absence of any international controlling body, individual countries have been free to adapt the concept for their own physical, social and economic environments. Some have established national parks to protect scenery, others to protect ecosystems or wildlife. Tourism has also been a fundamental component of the national parks concept from the beginning and predates ecological justifications for national park establishment though it has been closely related to landscape conservation rationales at the outset. Approaches to tourism and visitor management have varied.Some have stripped their parks of signs of human settlement, while increasingly others are blending natural and cultural heritage, and reflecting national identities.

Spis treści

Introduction  1. Introduction: The Making of the National Park Concept  2. Reinterpreting the Creation Myth: Yellowstone National Park  3. American Invention to International Concept: The Spread and Evolution of National Parks  4. National Parks and the ‘Worthless Lands Hypothesis’ Revisited  5. National Parks and National Identity and Tourism  New World Perspectives  6. Framing the View: How American National Parks Came to Be  7. John Muir and William Gladstone Steel: Activists and the Establishment of Yosemite and Crater Lake National Parks  8. Tourism and the Canadian National Park System: Protection, Use and Balance  9. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: Natural Wonder and World Heritage Area  10. ‘Welcome to Aboriginal Land’: The Uluru – Kata Tjuta National Park  Old World Perspectives  11. The National Park Concept in Spain: Patriotism, Education, Romanticism and Tourism  12. The English Lake District – National Park or playground?  13. The Peak District National Park UK: Contemporary Complexities and Challenges  14. A Ticket to National Parks? Tourism, Railways, and the Establishment of National Parks in Sweden  15. ‘Protect, preserve, present’ – The Role of Tourism in Swedish National Parks   Developing World: Beyond The Eurocentric  16. National Parks in Indonesia: An Alien Construct  17. National Parks in Transition: Wuyishan Scenic Park in China  18. ‘Full of rubberneck waggons and tourists’: The Development of Tourism in South Africa’s National Parks and Protected Areas  Beyond Nature  19. National Parks as Cultural Landscapes: Indigenous Peoples, Conservation and Tourism  20. National Mall and Memorial Parks: Past, Present and Future  Conclusion  21. The Future of the National Park Concept