Total Hip Replacement

ISBN-13: 9783642695995 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 154 str.

Michel Postel; Marcel Kerboul; Jaques Evrard

Opis

Postel, Kerboul, Evrard, Courpied, and their coauthors take a completely objective attitude in describing the progress achieved in total hip replace ment with reference to their own experience over the last 20 years. They avoid any triumphant fanfares, but not because of Pascal's dictum: "Do you want people to speak well of you? Don't do it yourself. " Rather, they know that other surgeons, like themselves, are more concerned with effi ciency than with laurels, and want that is, new ideas based on sufficiently wide experience and analyzed in a strict and uncompromising manner. In addition, surgeons are particularly anxious for in-depth study of the pr, ob lems, complications, and failures encountered as well as for indications as to how these can be avoided and corrected. This book is sure to satisfy sur geons on both these counts. It is the exciting and almost incredible prod uct of the work and the immense progress that have taken place in the 15 years since I retired. The spirit behind this work has inspired it from the start. It is characterized by a determination to take constant study of the results as the only guide in matters of indications and technique, and the authors insisted on a system of documentation whose purpose (and perhaps merit) was to facilitate comparison both of the preoperative functional state and of the final re sult; they have also kept an open mind for interesting new insights from whatever quarter they might arise."

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 2 Methodology.- 2.1 Statistical Survey Comparing Patients Followed Up with Patients Later Lost to Follow-up.- 2.2 In-depth Research on Patients Lost to Follow-up.- 3 The Development of Total Hip Replacement.- 3.1 The Different Total Hip Prostheses Used at Cochin.- 3.2 The McKee-Merle d’Aubigné Prosthesis.- 3.3 The Low-friction Band Prosthesis.- 3.3.1 Clinical Progress.- 3.3.2 Radiological Development.- 3.3.3 Reasons for Failure.- 3.4 The Charnley Prosthesis.- 3.5 The Charnley-Kerboul Prosthesis.- 3.5.1 Historical Review.- 3.5.2 The Femoral Component of the Charnley Prosthesis.- 3.5.3 A New Series of Prostheses.- 4 The Routine Operation.- 4.1 Indications for Total Hip Replacement and Preparation of the Patient for Surgery.- 4.1.1 Indications.- 4.1.2 Contraindications.- 4.1.3 Preparation of the Patient.- 4.2 The Psychiatrist’s View Point.- 4.3 The Cardiologist and the Candidate for Total Hip Replacement.- 4.3.1 Cardiovascular Risks and Fitness for Surgery.- 4.3.2 Preoperative Diagnosis.- 4.3.3 Cardiovascular Preparation for Surgery.- 4.3.4 In Conclusion.- 4.4 Technical Preparation Prior to Total Hip Arthroplasty — The Choice of the Prosthesis.- 4.5 Standard Technique for Total Hip Arthroplasty in Uncomplicated Osteoarthritis.- 4.5.1 Positioning of the Patient.- 4.5.2 Approach.- 4.5.3 The Capsule.- 4.5.4 Osteotomy of the Femoral Neck.- 4.5.5 Preparation of the Acetabulum.- 4.5.6 Cementing of the Cup.- 4.5.7 Preparation of the Femur.- 4.5.8 Cementing of the Femoral Component.- 4.5.9 Reduction.- 4.5.10 Reattachment of the Trochanter.- 4.5.11 Closure.- 4.6 Postoperative Management and Follow-up.- 4.6.1 Progression of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate.- 4.6.2 General Health of the Patient in Relation to the Postoperative Course.- 4.6.3 Clinical and Radiological Follow-up.- 5 Results with the Charnley-Kerboul Prosthesis.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Results in Osteoarthrosis.- 5.2.1 Septic Complications.- 5.2.2 Follow-up.- 5.2.3 Functional Results.- 5.2.4 Radiological Study.- 5.3 Necrosis of the Femoral Head.- 5.4 Total Hip Replacement in Ankylosing Spondylitis.- 5.4.1 The Patients.- 5.4.2 The Operation.- 5.4.3 Complications.- 5.4.4 Results.- 5.5 Total Hip Replacement in Rheumatoid Arthritis.- 5.5.1 Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis.- 5.5.2 Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis.- 5.6 Total Hip Replacement in Ankylosis.- 5.6.1 Patients.- 5.6.2 Indications.- 5.6.3 Technique.- 5.6.4 Results.- 5.6.5 Conclusion.- 5.7 Total Hip Replacement for Congenital Dislocation of the Hip.- 5.7.1 The Patients.- 5.7.2 The Condition.- 5.7.3 Preoperative Hip Function.- 5.7.4 Length of Follow-up.- 5.7.5 The Operation.- 5.7.6 Complications.- 5.7.7 Results.- 5.7.8 Analysis.- 5.7.9 Conclusion.- 6 Aseptic Complications Following Total Hip Replacement.- 6.1 Ossification.- 6.1.1 Predisposing Factors.- 6.1.2 Effect on Function.- 6.1.3 Infection.- 6.1.4 Treatment.- 6.1.5 Conclusion.- 6.2 Complications of Trochanterotomy.- 6.2.1 Causes of Nonunion.- 6.2.2 Clinical Significance of Nonunion.- 6.2.3 Conclusions.- 6.3 Dislocation Following Total Hip Replacement.- 6.3.1 Time of Occurrence and Types.- 6.3.2 Predisposing Factors.- 6.3.3 The Mechanism of Dislocation.- 6.3.4 Treatment.- 6.4 Radiological Methods of Assessing the Orientation of the Components.- 6.4.1 Assessment of a Cup with a Metal Ring Around or Parallel to the Equator.- 6.4.2 Assessment of a Cup with a Marker Around the Meridian.- 6.4.3 Measurement of Anteversion of the Neck of the Femoral Prosthesis.- 6.5 Aseptic Loosening Among Charnley-type Prostheses.- 6.5.1 Definitions.- 6.5.2 Radiological Abnormalities Occurring in Our Series.- 7 Revision Surgery for Aseptic Loosening of Total Hip Replacement — Acetabular Reconstruction.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Problems Related to the Acetabulum.- 7.2.1 The Lesions.- 7.2.2 Technique and Indications for Acetabular Reconstruction.- 7.3 The Femoral Stage of Total Hip Revision.- 7.3.1 Revision of Cemented Prostheses — Removal of Cement.- 7.3.2 Diaphyseal Windows.- 7.3.3 False Passages.- 7.3.4 Uncemented Prostheses.- 7.3.5 Broken Prostheses.- 7.3.6 The New Prosthesis.- 7.4 Acetabular Reconstruction by Homograft as a Part of Total Hip Revision.- 7.4.1 The Homograft.- 7.4.2 Radiological Progression.- 7.5 Result of Revision of Aseptic Total Arthroplasty.- 7.5.1 The Operation.- 7.5.2 Functional Results.- 7.5.3 Radiological Results.- 7.6 Conclusions.- 7.6.1 Indications.- 7.6.2 Technical Problems.- 8 Infective Complications of Total Hip Replacement.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 The Patients.- 8.3 Early Infection.- 8.4 Acute Infection of Late Onset.- 8.5 Diagnosis of Chronic Infection.- 8.5.1 Radiological Signs.- 8.5.2 Bacteriology.- 8.6 Histopathology and the Diagnosis of Infection.- 8.6.1 Acute Suppurative Inflammation.- 8.6.2 Chronic Inflammation.- 8.6.3 Rapid Diagnosis of Infection.- 8.7 Methods of Treatment.- 8.7.1 Conservation of the Prosthesis.- 8.7.2 Removal of the Prosthesis.- 8.7.3 Residual Infections.- 8.8 Results of Treatment of Chronic Infection.- 8.9 Development of Treatment of Chronic Infection in Total Hip Replacement — Present Indications.- 8.10 Prevention of Infection.- 9 The Future of the Polyethylene Cup.- 9.1 Measurement of Wear.- 9.2 Incidence of Wear.- 9.3 Association of Wear with Abnormalities of Fixation.- 9.4 Response of the Femur.- 10 Response of Local Tissue to Total Hip Replacement.- 10.1 Newly Developed Structures Around the Joint.- 10.1.1 Periarticular Changes Caused by Surgery or by the Underlying Joint Pathology.- 10.1.2 Histiocytic Cellular Response.- 10.2 Wear Products and Their Identification.- 10.2.1 Methylmethacrylate.- 10.2.2 Polyethylene.- 10.2.3 Metallic Debris.- 10.2.4 The Quantification of Wear Products.- 10.3 The Bone-cement Interface and Aseptic Loosening.- 10.3.1 Histological Features of Prostheses with Good Fixation.- 10.3.2 Anatomical Appearance of Loose Prostheses.- 10.3.3 Histology and the Different Physiopathological Theories for Bone Resorption.- 11 Conclusions.- 12 Subject Index.