Tono-Types and Tone Evolution: The Case of Chaoshan

ISBN-13: 9789813348721 / Angielski / Miękka / 2022 / 202 str.

Jingfen Zhang

Spis treści

Acknowledgements   

List of figures

List of tables

Abstract

Chapter 1  Introduction

1.1 General introduction to Chaoshan Chinese

1.2 Theoretical background

1.2.1 “Multi-register and four-level” tonal model

1.2.2 Universal tonal inventories

1.2.3 Tono-type and tonal pattern

1.3 Methodology

1.3.1 Fieldwork corpus

1.3.2 Information of informants

1.3.3 Data collection and analysis

1.4 Research Goals

1.5 Statement of significance

1.6 Outline of the book

Chapter 2  Literature review

2.1 Previous studies on Chaoshan Chinese

2.1.1 Descriptive reports

2.1.2 Comparative studies

2.1.3 Acoustic phonetics

2.2 The development of tonal models devised to delineate tones

2.3 Tonal typology and tone evolution

2.3.1 The mechanism of sound change

2.3.2 Tonal typology

2.3.3 Tone evolution

2.4 Summary

Chapter 3  Tonal patterns within the Chaoshan area

3.1 Pattern A: Falling-level-level-level-low-rising

3.2 Pattern B: Falling-falling-level-level-low-rising

3.3 Pattern C: Falling-level-level-low-rising-rising

3.4 Pattern D: Falling-falling-level-low-rising-rising

3.5 Pattern E: Falling-falling-level-low-rising

3.6 Pattern F: Falling-level-level-low-rising

3.7 Pattern G: Falling-falling-level-level-low-high

3.8 Pattern H: Falling-falling-level-level-level-low

3.9 Pattern I: Falling-falling-falling-level-low

3.10 Pattern J: Falling-falling-level-level-low

3.11 Pattern K: Falling-falling-level-level-rising

3.12 Three other patterns

3.13 Three main types: the dialectical classification of Chaoshan Chinese

3.14 The tono-types of MC tones within the Chaoshan area

Chapter 4  The tonal chain shifts in the Huipu area

4.1 General introduction to the Huipu area

4.2 The special phonation in T2a

4.3 The downward chain shift of falling tones

4.4 The upward chain shift of rising tones

4.5 V-shaped tonal shift

4.5.1 From Jinghai to Liusha

4.5.2 The significant role of the pure low tone

4.5.3 More chian shift evolutions of tone in Chinese dialects

4.6 Non-natural merger of tones due to language contact

4.7 The downward chain shift of level tones

4.8 The further development of T2a in central Huilai County

4.9 Summary

Chapter 5  Tonal changes in the Chaoyang area

5.1 General introduction to the Chaoyang area

5.2 Changes in the production of T2a in the Chaoyang area

5.2.1 Age-related differences parallel with geographic variations

5.2.2 A perceptual experiment on T2a of Lugang dialect

5.2.3 Listener as an initiator in tonal changes

5.3 The chain shift of tones in Miancheng dialect

5.3.1 Tones involved in the chain shift

5.3.2 A pull chain or a push chain?

5.4 Tonal changes in Haimen dialect

5.5 Tonal changes in Dahao dialect

5.6 Tonal changes in Guiyu dialect

5.7 The motive behind the tonal changes in the Chaoyang area

5.8 Summary

Chapter 6  The evolution of checked tones

6.1 General introduction

6.2 Different stages in the development of checked tones

6.3 Different phonation types of checked tones

6.3.1 Two basic forms of checked tone syllables in Chaoshan dialect

6.3.2 What is the so-called glottal stop?

6.3.3 Different phonetic manifestations of T4a and T4b

6.4 Experimental measures of acoustic cues for phonations in T4a and T4b

6.4.1 Acoustic measures

6.4.2 Stimuli

6.4.3 Informant

6.4.4 Result

6.4.5 Conclusion

6.5 The significance of the Yun’ao case

6.6 Summary

Chapter 7  Conclusion

7.1 Summary of the major findings

7.1.1 Phonetic data exploration

7.1.2 Theoretical explorations

7.2 Future research and improvement

References:

Appendix A: Wordlists for analysis of tonal system

Appendix B: Dialect sites and number of informants

Appendix C: Informants from the Shanjie type

Appendix D: Informants from the Huipu type

Appendix E: Informants from the Chaoyang type

Appendix F: Informants from other types

Appendix G: Tono-types of each tonal pattern

O autorze

​Jingfen Zhang  is Associate Professor at the College of Humanities and Education, Foshan University, China. She received Ph.D in Linguistics from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology in 2017. Her research interests include experimental phonetics, evolutionary phonology and dialectology. She is currently in charge of a philosophy and social science research project funded by the Ministry of Education of China and has finished two language protection projects.

Blurb

This book is a comprehensive study on the phonetic characteristics of citation tones in Chaoshan Chinese. It presents the tonal patterns of 65 localities in the Chaoshan area under the “multiple-register and four level” tonal model. Three case studies are conducted to delve into the evolutionary paths of Chaoshan tones. This book not only provides a large-scale typological study on Chaoshan Chinese, but also offers a good example of how to figure out the evolutionary paths of tones from the perspective of variation. The natural alliance of phonetics, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, and dialect geography is reinforced. It is also suggested in this book that the joint use of these four disciplines is very promising for the study of Chinese.