Tobacco Smoking and Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis and Cellular Mechanisms

ISBN-13: 9781468458312 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 404 str.

John N. Diana; John N. Diana

Opis

Atherosclerosis is the principal underlying cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in people of the Western world. Cigarette smoking has been implicated in both the initiation and exacerbation of the atherosclerotic process. Data to support this implication derives primarily from epidemiologic studies where the relationship between the incidence of atherosclerosis in people who smoke cigarettes has been shown to have a strong correlation. There are few well established explanations for this phenomenon, and basic molecular, biochemical, and cellular mechanisms associated with smoking and the development of atherosclerosis remain both undefined and virtually unexplored. Even the epidemiologic correlation between cigarette smoking and the development of atherosclerosis needs further critical studies. It is known that individuals who do not smoke cigarettes develop athero- sclerosis and it is also known that in people who smoke but have normal or low blood cholesterol/lipoprotein levels, the incidence of development of atherosclerosis is no different from that which is found in a non- smoking population. Answers which explain such observations must address fundamental biological mechanisms. Toward this end, the purpose of this volume is to assemble, in a single publication, information which will address the questions; what basic cellular and/or molecular mechanisms are associated with the development of atherosclerosis and how does cigarette smoking influence such mechanisms to initiate or exacerbate the atherosclerotic process? Clearly, the development of atherosclerosis is a complex, multifactorial biological event.

Spis treści

Tobacco Smoking and Atherosclerosis: Overview.- Tobacco Smoking and Atherosclerosis: Overview.- Epidemiologic Studies Linking Smoking and Atherosclerosis.- Smoking and the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.- Smoking as a Predictor of Atherosclerosis in the Honolulu Heart Program.- Cigarette Smoking as a Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease.- Cigarette Smoking and Extracranial Carotid Atherosclerosis.- Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Vascular Endothelial Cells.- Smoking, Catecholamines and their Effects on Endothelial Cell Integrity.- Cigarette Smoking and Endothelial Injury: A Review.- The Effects of Nicotine on Aortic Endothelial Cell Turnover and Ultrastructure.- Ultrastructural Events Associated with Endothelial Cell Changes During the Initiation and Early Progression of Atherosclerosis.- The Effect of Cigarette Smoke, Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide on Arterial Wall Permeability and Arterial Wall Uptake of 125I Fibrinogen.- Some Acute Effects of Smoking on Endothelial Cells and Platelets.- Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Platelets, Vascular Tissue and Eicosanoids.- Platelets in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.- Smoking, Platelet Reactivity and Fibrinogen.- Vascular and Platelet Eicosanoids, Smoking and Atherosclerosis.- Macrophage Influence on Smooth Muscle Phenotype in Atherogenesis.- Cigarette Smoking and Platelet Function: Relation to Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide and Saturated Fat.- Atherosclerosis Alters the Response to Activated Platelets and Leukocytes.- Platelets in Chronic Smokers Show a Hyperactive Response In Vitro to a Foreign Surface.- Platelet-Vessel Wall Interactions in Individuals Who Smoke Cigarettes.- Acute Platelet Activation Induced by Smoking Cigarettes: In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies in Humans.- Alterations of Arachidonate Metabolism in Cardiovascular System by Cigarette Smoking.- Effect of Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide on Prostacyclin Production by the Rabbit Heart.- Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Diet, Cholesterol/Lipoproteins.- Relations Between Smoking, Food Intake and Plasma Lipoproteins.- Lipoproteins and Diet in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.- Apolipoprotein Profiles in Randomly Selected Smokers and Matched Controls.- Normalization of High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Following Cessation from Cigarette Smoking.- Cigarette Smoking, Hemodynamics and Hemorheology.- Cigarette Smoking Causes Acute Changes in Arterial Wall Mechanics and the Pattern of Arterial Blood Flow in Healthy Subjects: Possible Insight into Mechanisms of Atherogenesis.- How Does the Arterial Endothelium Sense Flow? Hemodynamic Forces and Signal Transduction.- Smoking and Blood Rheology.- Cigarette Smoking and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis.- Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Coronary Vascular Dynamics: Relationship to Coronary Atherosclerosis.- Cigarette Smoking and Coronary Artery Disease.- Adrenal Release of Catecholamines in the Coronary and Myocardial Response to Nicotine.- Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Nicotine on Platelets and Experimental Coronary Artery Thrombosis.- Atherosclerosis and the Central Nervous System.- The Central Nervous System and Atherogenesis: Interrelationships.- Contributors.